Abstract
Osteosarcoma represents one of the most common bone tumours in dogs. It commonly occurs in the proximal humerus, the most affected anatomic site. Until recently, amputation or limb-sparing surgery leading to an arthrodesis coupled with chemotherapy were the only available treatments, but they often lead to complications, reduced mobility and highly impact dog’s quality of life. Prototypes of both articulated and monobloc (no mobility) patient-specific endoprostheses have been designed to spare the limb afflicted with osteosarcoma of the proximal humerus. This study focuses on the biomechanical effects of endoprostheses and shoulder muscle kinematics. For each of the endoprosthesis designs, a minimal number of muscles needed to ensure stability and a certain degree of joint movement during walking is sought. A quasi-static study based on an optimization method, the minimization of the sum of maximal muscle stresses, was carried out to assess the contribution of each muscle to the shoulder function. The identification of the most important muscles and their impact on the kinematics of the prosthetic joint lead to an improvement of the endoprosthesis design relevance and implantation feasibility.
Highlights
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor in dogs [1], especially large breed animals (Doberman, Golden retriever, Rottweiler)
The muscles to be attached to the prosthesis with a spherical joint (Fig 3) are integrated into the simulation to assess their contribution in the standing, flexion and extension positions (Fig 4)
Abductor muscles are all solicited in the standing and flexion positions, but not in the extension position, and the adductor muscles are recruited in the standing and extension positions (Fig 5)
Summary
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor in dogs [1], especially large breed animals (Doberman, Golden retriever, Rottweiler). The dog’s age impacts the prevalence of this disease, with older dogs facing a higher probability of developing osteosarcoma. The most affected anatomic site is the proximal humerus [1]. Amputation of the affected limb is the most recommended therapeutic and palliative treatment option. This option is not optimal since the dog’s gait is subsequently impacted [2] and some dogs are not good candidates for amputation due to concomitant orthopedic diseases or neurologic conditions.
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