Abstract
Background: Participation in extreme endurance sports is becoming an increasingly popular activity, and thus more and more people are getting involved in it. Taking part in a 100 km run is associated with great physiological and psychological stress, which can affect one’s mood state. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine if personality, experience, and motives for participation are related to a runner’s mood and its changes as well as to investigate whether vitamin D3 supplementation influences mood 12 h before and 12 h after the run.Method: The study group consisted of 20 experienced marathon and ultramarathon runners taking part in a 100 km track run. All participants were males aged between 31 and 50 (M = 40.75, SD = 7.15). The group was divided in two equal subgroups: the placebo group and the group supplemented with vitamin D3. Personality traits were assessed using the Polish version of Eysenck’s EPQ-R 106 and mood states were measured twice (12 h before and after the run) using the Polish version of the UMACL by Mathews, Chamberlain, and Jones. Motives for participation in ultramarathons were measured with the IPAO by Lipowski and Zaleski.Results: Levels of vitamin D3 correlated very strongly with energetic arousal (EA) (rs = 0.80; p < 0.05) and strongly hedonic tone (HT) (rs = 0.74; p < 0.05) 12 h before the run. There were no significant correlations between levels of vitamin D3 and mood states after the run. Moreover, extraversion correlated moderately with tense arousal (TA) (rs = -0.48; p < 0.05) and EA (rs = 0.47; p < 0.05) while neuroticism correlated moderately with TA (rs = 0.53; p < 0.05) and HT (rs = -0.57; p < 0.05).Conclusion: Both personality and vitamin D3 supplementation are related to runners’ pre-run mood. These effects are nullified when it comes to post-run mood states.
Highlights
Until recently, extreme endurance sports were niche disciplines practiced only by a very small group of enthusiasts
There were no significant correlations between levels of vitamin D3 and mood states after the run
Extraversion correlated moderately with tense arousal (TA) and energetic arousal (EA) while neuroticism correlated moderately with TA and hedonic tone (HT). Both personality and vitamin D3 supplementation are related to runners’ pre-run mood. These effects are nullified when it comes to post-run mood states
Summary
Extreme endurance sports were niche disciplines practiced only by a very small group of enthusiasts They have grown in popularity in recent years, with more and more people engaging in this type of physical activity (Hoffman et al, 2007; Holt et al, 2014). Whether taking part in this type of activity is natural for humans or whether it goes beyond a person’s normal biological and psychological constitution has been repeatedly questioned (Bramble and Lieberman, 2004; Pearson, 2006; Holt et al, 2014) These considerations make UMs a subject of interest for researchers in many areas of science, including psychology. The goal of this study was to determine if personality, experience, and motives for participation are related to a runner’s mood and its changes as well as to investigate whether vitamin D3 supplementation influences mood 12 h before and 12 h after the run
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