Abstract
Research on nicotine dependence has had mixed success in identifying variables which can be used to guide treatment and enhance outcome. Personality is one of factors that have been related to the initiation, maintenance and cessation of smoking. This paper aims to analyze relationships between temperamental dimensions, depressive and anxiety symptoms, nicotine dependence and cessation success following different treatment (bupropion vs. varenicline).In order to retrospectively investigate the ability of Novelty Seeking (NS), Reward Dependence (RD), Harm Avoidance (HA) and smoking behavior to predict outcomes following pharmacological treatment, we carried out a clinical trial with a total of 162 participants. Subjects are administered with TCI-R, SAS and BDI questionnaires. Nicotine Dependence (ND) and Nicotine Use (CPD) were measured with the Fagerstrom Test for the Nicotine Dependence (FTND). At post-treatment (3 months) and 12-months follow-up tobacco cessation was measured through self-report and expired air carbon monoxide (CO) test. Results indicated that low level of FTND and Self-Transcendence mildly predicted outcomes. Treatment was not a significant predictor of abstinence. Even if gender not predicted abstinence, women showed a greater difficulty to quit smoking. Findings are discussed in relation to previous studies focusing on theoretical and measurement issues related to dispositional and biological factors.
Highlights
Tobacco use is a risk factor for six of the eight leading causes of death in the world [1] killing one person every 6 sec. and taking away fifteen years of life on average [2]
The first aim of the present study was to analyze whether the temperamental dimensions, depressive and anxiety scores are influential in the achievement of abstinence and if their effect are in relationships with different treatments
Since bupropion acts by regulating the neuroendocrine axis function dopaminergic, we anticipated that its influence would be different in individuals with different levels of Novelty Seeking
Summary
Tobacco use is a risk factor for six of the eight leading causes of death in the world [1] killing one person every 6 sec. and taking away fifteen years of life on average [2]. In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder manual [3], the revised chapter of “Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders” combines the DSM-IV categories of substance abuse and substance dependence into a single disorder measured on a continuum from mild to severe. Each specific substance abuse is evaluated as a separate use disorder, but most substances are diagnosed based on the same overarching criteria. Whereas a diagnosis of substance abuse previously required only one symptom, mild substance use disorder in DSM 5 requires two to three symptoms from a list of eleven. A study from the American Journal of Psychiatry revealed that 60% of subjects with substance use disorders had personality disorders [7]. The evidence seems to converge on the importance of impulsivity (Eysenck) as related to substance use [9], sometimes using sensation seeking (Zuckerman) or novelty seeking (Cloninger) conceptualizations [10]
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