Abstract
• Energy-saving LED photocatalytic by ZnFe 2 O 4 contributes to PMS activation. • Photocatalytic generation of e - (CB) and h + (VB) favors producing SO 4 - ∙ and ∙OH. • Combination of PMS with e - (CB) reduces the recombination of e - (CB) and h + (VB). • Production of ∙O 2 – and 1 O 2 mainly contributes to LEV degradation. • Integrated ZnFe 2 O 4 /LED/PMS strategy leads to defluorination without metal ion leaching. Recently, a lot of attentions were paid on sulfate (SO 4 - ∙) and hydroxyl (∙OH) radicals-based advanced oxidation processes in degradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotic due to their favorable oxidation potential. This work reported an integrated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation process by coupling ZnFe 2 O 4 (ZFO) with energy-saving LED for degradation and defluorination of levofloxacin (LEV). The LEV degradation efficiency reached 88.52 % within 180 min in the ZFO-500/LED/PMS system, which was higher than those of other activation systems. Both SO 4 - ∙ and ∙OH were generated in the integrated ZFO-500/LED/PMS system by the photo-generated electrons and holes activation of PMS under the LED irradiation. The recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes was reduced. Plenty of ∙O 2 – and 1 O 2 were produced contributing to LEV degradation. The possible degradation pathways and mechanisms were proposed. This study presented a promising LED-assisted PMS activation process by ZnFe 2 O 4 for antibiotic degradation.
Published Version
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