Abstract
BackgroundThe association of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) +294T > C polymorphism and serum lipid levels is inconsistent in several previous studies. Bai Ku Yao is an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China. The present study was undertaken to detect the association of PPARD +294T > C (rs2016520) polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.MethodsA total of 609 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 573 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples. Genotyping of the PPARD +294T > C polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis, and then confirmed by direct sequencing.ResultsThe levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) AI and ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han (P < 0.001 for all). The frequency of T and C alleles was 77.50% and 22.50% in Bai Ku Yao, and 72.43% and 27.57% in Han (P < 0.01); respectively. The frequency of TT, TC and CC genotypes was 60.59%, 33.83% and 5.53% in Bai Ku Yao, and 52.18%, 40.50% and 7.32% in Han (P < 0.05); respectively. The subjects with CC genotype in Bai Ku Yao had higher serum LDL-C and ApoB levels and lower the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB than the subjects with TT and TC genotypes in females but not in males. The C allele carriers in Han had higher serum TC levels in males (P < 0.01) and ApoB levels in females (P < 0.05) than the C allele noncarriers. Serum TC and ApoB levels were correlated with genotypes in Han (P < 0.05 for each) but not in Bai Ku Yao. Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex, age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and blood pressure in both ethnic groups.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the association of PPARD +294T > C polymorphism and serum lipid levels is different between the Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. The discrepancy between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different PPARD +294T > C polymorphism or PPARD gene-enviromental interactions.
Highlights
Elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein (Apo) B, together with decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and ApoAI, are associated with an increased risk of coronaryPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear transcription factors involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism
These results suggest that the association of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) +294T > C polymorphism and serum lipid levels is different between the Bai Ku Yao and Han populations
The discrepancy between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different PPARD +294T > C polymorphism or PPARD gene-enviromental interactions
Summary
Elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein (Apo) B, together with decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and ApoAI, are associated with an increased risk of coronaryPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear transcription factors involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. The PPARD gene, located on chromosome 6p21.2-p21.1, is involved in cellular transport, storage and metabolism of lipids [23], which translates into a metabolic response This gene is actively expressed in both adipose tissue and skeletal muscles, primarily in slow twitch muscle fibers. Db/db mice expressing an activated form of PPARD are resistant to obesity and hyperlipidemia when overfed and muscle-specific overexpression of the receptor increased the number of muscle fibers with high oxidative metabolic capability [26,27]. These results suggest that PPARD may play a role in the development of metabolic perturbations associated with dyslipidemia and predisposing to atherosclerosis. The present study was undertaken to detect the association of PPARD +294T > C (rs2016520) polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations
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