Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Strategy and Future Perspective

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated notable improvements in their power conversion efficiency (PCE), indicating both academic research and commercial application value. The PCE gap is closing when compared to silicon cells sold in stores. Large-scale production, cost, and stability, however, are still far behind. Every functional layer of perovskite solar cells has a range of relevant research for scaling up the preparation of high-efficiency and stable PSCs. The functional layers, such as the electron transport layer, perovskite layer, hole transport layer, and electrode, have been the subject of recent research, which is systematically summarised in this chapter. Significant advancements in device stability and efficiency over the last few decades can be attributed to massive research efforts in compositional, process, and interfacial engineering. We discuss the benefits and drawbacks of PSCs in comparison to the current silicon photovoltaic technology with regard to commercial applications. Moreover, we discuss the structural stability, optical properties, perovskite device structure and operation principle, High efficiency PSCs, Perovskite powder production for diverse application. PSCs provide low manufacturing costs and solution processability, but on the road to commercialization, their poor stability and element toxicity need to be addressed. It is yet unknown how to resolve the costly and unstable issues with electrode materials and Spiro-OMeTAD. There is also discussion of the primary issues and the path for their future growth. In addition, we offer our predictions for PSC commercialization in the solar industry. PSCs are expected to show greater promise in tandem configurations and low-cost modules.