Permeability Evolution of Naturally Fractured Coal Injected with High-Temperature Nitrogen: Experimental Observations

Abstract

The permeability of more than 70% of coal seams in China is less than 1 mD, creating difficulties in recovering underground coal methane. Therefore, a new technology of high-temperature nitrogen (HTN2) injection into the coal seam was proposed to improve the coal permeability and gas extraction rate. In this paper, the effects of the N2 temperature, injection pressure and cycle number on the permeability of naturally fractured coking coal has been investigated. When HTN2 was injected into coal samples, the results indicated that the permeability decreased over time in the beginning, suddenly increased to a large value, and was subsequently maintained in a relatively stable range. The maximum permeability ratio increased with the rise of the N2 temperature and injection pressure. An analysis indicated that the increase of coal permeability was the result of the increase of the global coal strain caused by thermal expansion and the adsorption-induced expansion. The maximum permeability ratios in various cycles of multicycle N2 injection into the coal sample were all greater than 1.0 while progressively declining. Obviously, the alternating stress was conducive to the further expansion of the coal fractures to increase the coal permeability. However, on the basis of the first period of expansion, re-expansion was difficult and required more energy. The effects of multicycle N2 injection on coal permeability have been considerably improved when compared with N2 injection with only one cycle. The research results are helpful for rapidly extracting methane and guaranteeing mine safety.