Abstract
Rural succession has been a problem that has been discussed in the academy, among policymakers and, above all, among family farmers around the world. Young people have shown less and less interest in staying in rural areas, but there has been less interest in sequencing the agricultural activities of their parents. In this sense, recognizing the role of young people in the rural development process, the objective of the present study is to analyze the perspectives of the rural young people of Santana do Livramento / RS about the permanence in the rural environment and the interest in the family succession. The methodology of the study is quantitative, performed through descriptive statistics. Structured questionnaires containing open and closed questions were applied to young people, children of farmers, who attended high school, in a total of 59 rural youth, aged between 14 and 19 years. The main results are: young people want to stay in the field and have a greater interest in being managers of the property in greater number than the young ones; young people with less land area are less interested in being successors; emotional and relationship factors prevail in the desire for permanence in the field; obstacles to agricultural labor, difficulties in accessing production units, land scarcity, low autonomy, and the economic pressure exerted by large farms, are the factors that contribute to the exit of rural youth from Santana do Livramento / RS. Keywords: Rural management. Rural development. Gender issue. Succession in agriculture. Rural youth.
Highlights
Este é um artigo de acesso aberto, licenciado por Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0), sendo permitidas reprodução, adaptação e distribuição desde que o autor e a fonte originais sejam creditados
Have a greater interest in being managers of the property in greater number than the young ones; young people with less land area are less interested in being successors; emotional and relationship factors prevail in the desire for permanence in the field; obstacles to agricultural labor, difficulties in accessing production units, land scarcity, low autonomy, and the economic pressure exerted by large farms, are the factors that contribute to the exit of rural youth from Santana do Livramento / Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
Baixo número de jovens sucessores resultará em menor número de agricultores no campo e pode ter consequências na indústria, no próprio campo, no uso da terra e na sustentabilidade das comunidades rurais (Goeller, 2012; Ingram e Kirwan, 2011)
Summary
Instituições de caráter técnico e promoção da extensão rural (atuando como fornecedoras de crédito, assistência técnica, Trabalho penoso e difícil na agricultura; aperfeiçoamento produtivo, informacional e fomento social); Incertezas e dificuldades do trabalho agrícola;. Na análise bivariada foram cruzados: a) todos os dados de perfil dos jovens e do perfil das propriedades rurais com todas as demais variáveis; b) a variável referente ao interesse em permanecer no campo com todas as demais variáveis; c) a variável referente ao interesse em ser sucessor com todas as demais variáveis. Os dados demonstram que parte dos jovens (49,2%) não decidiu se vai permanecer no campo após concluir o ensino médio, se vai migrar para o meio urbano (20,3%), se vai fazer um curso superior (25,42%), e, ainda, se o curso almejado terá o foco em voltar para o campo (40,68%). Entre os jovens que pretendem fazer um curso superior, 49,1% não tem nenhum interesse em voltar para o campo após a conclusão da faculdade. Destaca-se que Santana do Livramento possui três universidades, sendo duas públicas, a Universidade Federal do Pampa, com cursos na área das Ciências Sociais Aplicadas e
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