Permanent and persistent atrial fibrillation are independent risk factors of mortality after severe COVID-19

Abstract

Abstract Background New coronavirus disease (COVID-19), pandemic infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), had a deep global influence on morbidity and mortality profile. Comorbidities, especially cardiovascular diseases were identified to strongly modify the clinical course of COVID-19. However, the prognostic role of incident or prevalent atrial fibrillation has not been fully explained. Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between atrial fibrillation and outcomes following hospitalization in patients with severe COVID-19. Methods We analyzed 199 patients (72 female, median age 70 years) with severe COVID-19 hospitalized between November 2020 and February 2021, due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Study cohort included 68 patients with a history of AF (34 patients with paroxysmal AF, 19 with permanent AF, 15 patients with persistent AF) and 51 patients presented with AF during hospitalization. Results Overall mortality during 90 days from the admission to hospital was 41% (n=82). Non-survivors were older, had significantly elevated inflammation markers (CRP, WBC, procalcitonin, IL-6), NT-proBNP and D-dimer on the first day of hospitalization, lower left ventricular ejection fraction and worse kidney function as compared to those who stayed alive during the follow-up. Among the hospitalized patients with COVID-19, a history of AF and the presence of AF during hospitalization contributed to higher mortality, p=0.001. The patients with permanent and persistent AF were at the greatest risk of death, p<0.001. In multivariate analysis, taking into account whether the patients had a history of AF, the subtypes of AF (paroxysmal, permanent, persistent) and whether the AF was present during hospitalization to identify the independent risk factors of death in the study period, we found that AF was related to worse prognosis and persistent or permanent form represented an independent predictor of mortality, p=0.035. Conclusions Different clinical presentations of AF have varying impact on survival in severe COVID-19. Mortality in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 was higher among patients with history of AF, especially with persistent and permanent type of AF, and with AF present during hospitalization.Figure.Survival depending on the type o.