Perioperative Management of Intracranial Aneurysms and Otologic Disease

Abstract

Diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic, unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) are areas of longstanding controversy in the neurologic and neurosurgical literature. Treatment decisions require careful consideration of both the potential for aneurysm rupture as well as the risks associated with repair. Studies examining the natural history of UIA, the morbidity and mortality associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and the various treatment options have led to general guidelines for UIA management. In the literature, the simultaneous presence of otologic disease and UIA has not been introduced or addressed. It is unknown whether surgical treatment of middle ear disease has an effect on the natural history of UIA. Two illustrative patients with UIA discovered incidentally on radiographic evaluation of middle ear disease are presented. Patients were managed according to diagnostic and treatment strategies developed and validated in the neurosurgical literature. Both patients underwent uneventful endovascular embolization of their intracranial aneurysms before middle ear surgery. The intra- and postoperative courses were uncomplicated without symptoms related to either their history of intracranial aneurysms or the prior embolization. Application of neurosurgical diagnostic and treatment algorithms to otology patients in the perioperative setting is appropriate. Established risk factors such as the size and location of the intracranial aneurysm, prior SAH, and patient age should guide treatment planning in all cases of UIA. Additional research is needed to evaluate the influence of otologic procedures on the natural history of UIA. In addition, studies are needed to evaluate the role of preoperative screening for UIA in otologic surgery candidates.