Perioperative angiogenesis and outcome in premenopausal women with breast cancer

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1 report the intratumoral expression of genes that potentially contribute to proliferative and metastatic ability in breast cancer resected during various menstrual phases. They conclude that the molecular changes result from cyclic sex hormone fluctuations and could account for reports of improved survival in some breast cancer patients whose tumours were removed during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. By contrast, the International Breast Cancer Study Group has shown that the worst outlook for patients operated during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle was predominantly seen in high-risk patients with low levels or no oestrogen receptors in the primary tumour.