Perioperative Anaesthetic Management of a Large Paraganglioma Compressing Abdominal Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava: A Case Report

Abstract

Paragangliomas (PGs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that originate in the autonomic nervous system. Functionally, they are highly vascular and may be parasympathetic or sympathetic. Parasympathetic tumors are usually asymptomatic and inactive, located mostly in the skull base in the distribution of IX and X cranial nerves. In contrast, sympathetic tumors are highly active (secretes norepinephrine) and symptomatic and mainly located in the abdomen and pelvic regions. Surgical removal of these tumors is curative and key to favorable outcomes. Some of these tumors have malignant potential as well. Meticulous preoperative preparation is needed but many patients may still land up in hypertensive crises intraoperatively which should be managed promptly and cautiously by the anesthesia team to reduce morbidity and mortality during surgery. Here, we describe the successful anesthetic management of a patient diagnosed with large aortocaval PG abutting the aorta and compressing the inferior vena cava and bilateral renal veins.