Abstract
According to the new classification proposed by the recent 2017 World Workshop on Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions, periodontitis, necrotizing periodontal diseases, periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases, and systemic diseases or conditions affecting the periodontal supporting tissues, are considered as separate entities. Scientific evidence has demonstrated that periodontal diseases are not just simple bacterial infections but rather complex diseases of multifactorial complexity that interplay with the subgingival microbes, the host immune, and inflammatory responses. Despite dental plaque biofilm being considered the primary risk factor for periodontitis in the vast majority of patients that dentists encounter on a daily basis, there are other factors that can also contribute and/or accelerate pathologic progressive attachment loss. In this article, the authors aim to briefly review and discuss the present evidence regarding the association between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases and conditions.
Highlights
Overview—Periodontal Disease Etiology and PathogenesisThe interrelationship between diseases in the mouth and body as a whole is not a new concept as it has been debated for over a hundred years
According to the new classification proposed by the recent 2017 World Workshop on Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions, periodontitis, necrotizing periodontal diseases, periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases, and systemic diseases or conditions affecting the periodontal supporting tissues, are considered as separate entities
Periodontitis is a multifactorial infection whose pathogenesis depends on the complicated interactions between the host immune response and periodontal pathogens
Summary
The interrelationship between diseases in the mouth and body as a whole is not a new concept as it has been debated for over a hundred years. The theory of “focal infection” was introduced by William Hunter as a way to connect oral infections or sepsis with infections in other parts of the body [1] This led to the removal of many “infected teeth” with the hope that this would lead to the cure of distant disease conditions. P. intermedia and F. nucleatum were found to be associated with chronic form of periodontitis [7], while A. actinomycetemcomitans has been shown to be associated with the more aggressive form of periodontitis [8] It is the microbiota of the dental plaque biofilm that drive the host inflammatory response, which leads to tissue destruction. It is clear that bacterial infections and their associated host immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
