Abstract
We constructed an active imaging model within 10 km of the atmosphere from the satellite to the ground based on Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm, and, because of the inhomogeneous distributions of the scattering particles in atmosphere environment, 10 km atmosphere layer was divided into ten layers in our model. The MC algorithm was used to simulate the transmission process of photons through the atmosphere. By launching lasers of linear polarization states from satellites to ground, the intensity, degree of polarization (DoP), polarization difference (PD), and polarization retrieve (PR) images can be obtained. The contrast of the image, peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index (SSI) were used to evaluate the imaging quality. The simulated results demonstrate that the contrast of images is degraded as the atmosphere becomes worse. However, PR imaging have a better contrast and better visibility in different atmospheric conditions. Meanwhile, we found that Mueller matrix (MM) can retrieve the original images very well in a certain range of atmospheric conditions. Finally, the simulation also shows that different wavelengths of light sources have different penetration characteristics, and, in general, infrared light shows better performances than visible light for imaging.
Highlights
Imaging quality will be degraded for two main reasons [1]: (1) strong scattering and absorption of light by the disturbance, resulting in object information loss; and (2) noisy photons scattered in the turbid medium without the target’s information
To improve the computational efficiency, we introduce a method for obtaining the effective Mueller matrix (EMM) for the system of incident plane source by shifting position and superposition principle in the Monte Carlo (MC) model [38]
The simulation results show that polarization retrieve (PR) imaging method can be used for object discrimination in turbid atmosphere medium with enhanced imaging contrasts
Summary
Imaging quality will be degraded for two main reasons [1]: (1) strong scattering and absorption of light by the disturbance, resulting in object information loss; and (2) noisy photons scattered in the turbid medium without the target’s information. Based on the Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm for obtaining the Mueller matrix of the transmission medium [26,27,28,29,30,31], the polarization retrieve (PR) method [32,33] has been proposed for investigating the transmission characteristics of the polarization information in different environments, such as poly-dispersion system [34], layered atmosphere [35,36], and underwater [37,38] This method can retrieve the original target information and obtain much clearer images, which demonstrates its potential applications in a complex scattering system with long transmission distance.
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