Abstract
Pump as Turbine (PAT) is a technically and economically effective technology to utilize small/mini/micro/pico hydropower, especially in rural areas. There are two main subjects that influence the selection and application of PAT. On the one hand, manufacturers of pumps will not provide their characteristics under the turbine mode, which requires performance prediction methods. On the other hand, PAT efficiency is always slightly lower than that of pump, which requires further geometry optimization. This literature review summarized published research studies related to performance prediction and geometry optimization, aimed at guiding for selection and optimization of PAT. Currently, there exist four categories of performance prediction methods, namely, using BEP (Best Efficiency Point), using specific speed, loss modeling, and polynomial fitting. The using BEP and loss modeling methods are based on theoretical analysis, while using specific speed and polynomial fitting methods require statistical fitting. The prediction errors of published methods are within ±10% mostly. For geometry optimization, investigations mainly focus on impeller diameter and blade geometry. The influence of impeller trimming, blade rounding, blade wrap angle, blade profile, blade number, blade trailing edge position, and guide vane number has been studied. Among published methods, the blade rounding and forward-curved impellers are the most effective and feasible techniques.
Highlights
The conversion and utilization of energy play a vital role in the process of human civilization
It is of great importance to summary present investigation on performance prediction and geometry optimization, which can help a lot on the selection and modification of Pump as Turbine
A literature review on the progress in Pump as Turbine is presented in this study, with the emphasis on performance prediction and geometry optimization
Summary
The conversion and utilization of energy play a vital role in the process of human civilization. Prediction and Optimization of PAT energy sources, the hydropower system is one of the most mature technologies and widely applied in the past decades. Besides the advantage in energy recovery, the economic benefit of applying PAT in the water distribution network is considerable; a case study in Italy shows that it can pay back within about 2.5 years (De Marchis et al, 2014). In order to maximize PAT performance in the water distribution network, the variable operating strategy (Carravetta et al, 2013) and particle swarm optimization (Lima et al, 2017; Lima et al, 2018) are proposed for guiding the selection of PAT (Novara and McNabola, 2018a). It is of great importance to summary present investigation on performance prediction and geometry optimization, which can help a lot on the selection and modification of Pump as Turbine. Suggestions about how geometry optimization should be applied are offered at the end of this part
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