Abstract
Purpose. To increase the performance of sugar beet hybrids using integrated approaches to the creation, identification and selection of combination-valuable parents; to evaluate the performance potential of experimental hybrids derived from parents with improved beetroot shape.
 Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Sugar Beet Breeding of the Tobacco Experimental Station of the National Research Center “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS” in 2018–2020. Sixty-six experimental diploid sugar beet hybrids originating from parents of different genetic origin were tested in the field.
 New starting material of sugar beets was created using classical breeding methods and traditional techniques. The experimental CMS-based sugar beet hybrids were evaluated for several economically valuable traits in accordance with the variety trial method developed by scientists of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beets NAAS.
 Results and discussion. Analysis of the performance of the sugar beet hybrids originating from the parents with improved beetroot shape (oval-conical) indicates that the beetroot yields, sugar collection and output were significantly higher than those in the group check accession. The sugar content in their beetroots was lower than or similar to that in the group check accession. In general, the yielding type (E) of performance is intrinsic to the hybrids. As to beetroot yield, they exceeded the group check accession by 16.5–23.4%; the sugar collection was higher by 15.1–21.1%; and the sugar output – by 15.0–22.0%.
 Analysis of the beetroot in these hybrids shows that they had oval-conical beetroots. Their shape index varied 1.11 to 1.24. The beetroots of these hybrids were embedded into the soil by 3/4 of their length, had a smooth surface and shallow grooves (orthostichy).
 In the experimental sugar beet hybrids derived from the parents with improved beetroot shape (oval-conical), beetroots were longer (L) by 9.5%, larger in the diameter (D) by 2.2%, and the distance from the maximum diameter plane to the beetroot top (B) increased by 61.5% compared to the group check accession. In parallel with changes of the beetroot shape, the beetroot weight (m) increased by 25.0%. The transition from conical beetroots to oval-conical ones was proven to increase the performance of the sugar beet hybrids by 15–21%.
 Conclusions. We have created 14 high-yielding sugar beet CMS-based hybrids with improved beetroot shape, suitable for energy and environmentally friendly cultivation technologies. Their beetroot yields, sugar collection and sugar output exceed those in the group check accession by 16.5–23.4%, 15.1–21.1% and 15.0–22.0%, respectively
Highlights
The development and implementation of breeding innovations aimed to boosting the performance potential of sugar beet plants and their adaptability to environmental conditions in agriculture is one of the main prerequisites of the effective beet growing industry of UkraineIncreasing energy consumption for growing each additional unit of the crop, limited energy sources, increasing costs for their production require new approaches to the development of resource- and energy-saving technologies in the agrarian sector [1, 2].Creation and introduction in the production of new CMS-based high-yielding hybrids is the most effective way to further increase the productivity of sugar beets
It is advisable to breed for improved beetroot shape, which opens up prospects for increasing the crop performance and reducing the product costs
To increase the performance of sugar beet hybrids using integrated approaches to the creation, identification and selection of combination-valuable parents; to evaluate the performance potential of experimental hybrids derived from parents with improved beetroot shape
Summary
Increasing energy consumption for growing each additional unit of the crop, limited energy sources, increasing costs for their production require new approaches to the development of resource- and energy-saving technologies in the agrarian sector [1, 2]. The creation of sugar beet hybrids with improved beetroot shape will simultaneously increase their productivity and significantly reduce the energy consumption, damage to and soilness of beetroots upon digging out [14, 16]. It is advisable to breed for improved beetroot shape, which opens up prospects for increasing the crop performance and reducing the product costs. This problem can be solved via introducing fodder beets as donors of valuable-for-breeding and genetic traits in breeding [13]. To increase the performance of sugar beet hybrids using integrated approaches to the creation, identification and selection of combination-valuable parents; to evaluate the performance potential of experimental hybrids derived from parents with improved beetroot shape
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