Вивчення продуктивності сучасних гібридів цукрових буряків в умовах недостатнього вологозабезпечення

Abstract

Introduction. Sugar beet - an important crop, but its genetic possibilities and limits of adaptive capacity are not studied fully. Studies of modern breeding hybrids in terms of alpine climate and inadequate moisture can detect patterns of growth and development of culture conditions limit factors and features sugar accumulation of significant levels of solar insolation. Modern hybrids of sugar beet can provide high sugar content and adaptability in the processing of raw materials, early development and excellent field germination, high potential yield and complex disease resistance, but they are created by breeders and reared in the traditional area, so it is unclear how to behave in growing limit on rainfall and other factors. Considering the above, the purpose of our work was to determine the level of productivity of modern hybrids of sugar beet in the conditions of Mongolia. Materials and methods of research. A study on the performance of new hybrids of sugar beet in the conditions of Mongolia conducted in the main the farming area of the country, particularly in the area of Dzunharaa, and the cityfor Darkhan 2014-2015 yy. Precipitation in Mongolia are not conducive to the cultivation of sugar beet as a whole than a year on average 220-250 mm falls, so to obtain stable yields of this crop requires irrigation. But mostly rainfall during June, July and August months, so they can be used for plant growth and development. Area elementary and accounting areas sown under 120 and 100 m 2 , repetition - fourfold, the study carried out by the "Methodology of Research in beet" Results and discussion. In conditions of arid spring and hot weather in late May and early June in Mongolia is severe dehydration the top layer of soil, resulting in the upper layers, especially in the area of the seeds soil moisture drops to critical parameters, such as soil layer 0...5 cm to 3.64 %, and at a depth of 5 cm to 10...12 %. Field studies conducted in conditions of Mongolia confirmed the growth and development of sugar beet plants in soil-climatic zone Darhanuulaimag. So, we found that density while building hybrid sugar beets was at 70.4 th.pcs./ha At the same time it is worth noting that the average density Dzunharaa we received at 66.7 ths. pcs./ha, and Darkhan it was slightly higher - 74.2 ths. pcs./ha. Overall, the average yield of sugar beet roots in experiments in. Dzunharaa was 32.4 t/ha, and in the city. Darkhan was at 45.0 t/ha. Top yields were hybrids breeding Ukrainian Institute of bioenergy crops and sugar beet NAAS of Ukraine Goliath and Zlyka. In soil and climatic conditions Darhanuulaimag they formed a yield of 44.1 and 44.0 t/ha, respectively. No less important factor in shaping the final performance of plant sugar beet is the sugar content in the roots. The results of field studies showed that the average sugar content in experimental crops in. Dzunharaa stands at 18.8 %, while in the city Darkhan - 22.3 %. A study on the performance of new hybrids of sugar beet in the conditions of Mongolia (Darhanuulaimag) have scientific value and prove the possibility of growing sugar beets in soil and climatic conditions of the area. Thus, hybrids breeding Institute of bioenergy crops and sugar beet NAAS of Ukraine provided their growing conditions in Mongolia were the most effective. Thus, the average yield of hybrids Ymansky CS 97, Ramses, Zlyka and Alexandria was at 41.5 t/ha, sugar content by 21 %, and in accordance with the estimated sugar output - 8.8 t/ha. Using hybrid breeding SES Vanderhave (Canyon and Impact) allowed the efficiency at 37.1 t/ha for sugar content of 19.1 % sugar and collecting 7.2 t/ha. However hybrids breeding establishments Poland (Janka, Yarysya) had slightly lower yield of roots (33.2 t/ha), and a relatively high sugar content – 21 %. However, in general, they provided a collection of sugar at 7.0 t/ha. Conclusions. Modern hybrids of sugar beet Ukrainian selection showed the high performance potential and provided yield at 41.5 t/ha, sugar content of 21.0 %, and the collection of sugar 8.8 t/ha (Darhanuulaimag) in 2014-2015. The results of our study revealed that soil and climatic conditions of Mongolia estimated resource potential of sugar beet irrigation is 30-50 t / ha.