Abstract
NRL-AgNP was developed bringing important properties of natural rubber as occlusive membrane with antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles. Biological aspects, such as cell viability, tissue reaction, and occlusive membrane performance of NRL-AgNP, are presented. In addition, in vivo degradation was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The cell viability test was performed in mesenchymal stem cells of human deciduous dental pulp seeded with the new material. Tissue reaction was tested through subcutaneous implant of NRL-AgNP and compared to Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) at the dorsum of rats. The performance of the NRL-AgNP as an occlusive membrane in Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) was tested in full thickness critical size bone defects (8 mm) in rat calvaria. Cell viability was 98.8% for NRL-AgNP and did not result in statistically significant differences compared to negative control (p > 0.05 Kruskal–Wallis). All materials presented similar tissue reaction (p > 0.05). In the GBR experiment, the defects covered with NRL-AgNP presented a more advanced stage of bone regeneration in comparison with non-treated defects. The FTIR spectra of NRL-AgNP before and after implantation showed no degradation of NRL-AgNP membranes. These results are in favor of the NRL-AgNP use as an occlusive membrane for GBR.
Highlights
Natural rubber latex extracted from the Hevea brasiliensis tree is a biomaterial that has been studied for regeneration procedures
Our results demonstrate that the viability of DPSC (CDLH1) was not affected by the presence of the biomaterial or by the release of AgNPs from it, which corroborates with previous studies on biocompatibility of latex [1] and AgNPs [33]
An occlusive membrane produced with natural rubber latex and silver nanoparticles, NRL-AgNP, was investigated using biological assays and physical-chemical techniques
Summary
Natural rubber latex (or latex) extracted from the Hevea brasiliensis tree is a biomaterial that has been studied for regeneration procedures. A membrane is formed with flexibility, elasticity, and mechanical strength, which are desirable characteristics for use as an occlusive membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) procedures. Balabanian et al [1] verified the biocompatibility of this biomaterial through the implant of intra-alveolar bone implant in rats. Ferreira et al [2] and other studies, including the study by Mendonça et al [3], suggest the ability of the latex to induce angiogenesis. Ereno et al [4] and Moura et al [5] studied latex membrane as an occlusive membrane for GBR procedures to treat critical defects, in animal models, with positive results. Studies have demonstrated the possibility of adding substances such as proteins and antibiotics to a Coatings 2020, 10, 323; doi:10.3390/coatings10040323 www.mdpi.com/journal/coatings
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