Evaluation of Guided Bone Regeneration in Critical Defects Using Bovine and Porcine Collagen Membranes: Histomorphometric and Immunohistochemical Analyses

Guilherme A D Ramires,Júlio C S De Oliveira,Leonardo Perez Faverani,Julia Taino Helena,Ana Paula F Bassi,Wen-Cheng Chen

doi:10.1155/2021/8828194

Abstract

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a technique used to facilitate bone regeneration, which uses a biocompatible membrane acting as a physical barrier to prevent the adjacent connective tissue from invading the bone defect. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of bovine and porcine collagenous membranes as barriers to connective tissue invasion during the repair of critical bone defects in rat calvaria, using histological, histometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. For this study, 72 rats were divided into three groups: clot group (CG), bovine collagen group (BCG), and porcine collagen group (PCG). Analyses were performed on days 7, 15, 30, and 60. The histological results showed that the PCG exhibited bone neoformation starting from day 7, and after 30 days of repair, the surgical defect was completely filled in some animals. For the BCG, there was little bone neoformation activity in the initial periods, and from day 30 onwards, there was an increase in bone neoformation, with a greater increase on day 60. The data obtained in the histometric analysis reveal that, on day 30, the neoformed bone area did not vary greatly between the PCG and the BCG, though both varied from the CG. By day 60, the PCG presented a greater area of neoformation than the BCG. These results were corroborated by the immunohistochemistry results. In view of the results obtained, it can be concluded that all membranes studied in this research promoted GBR.

Highlights

One of the great challenges for dentistry and medicine is the search for bone substitutes that meet the requirements for the physical-biological reconstruction of bone defects caused by traumatic physiological changes or pathological conditions [1, 2]. us, membranes appear to be a good option in guided bone regeneration (GBR) because they support osteopromotion, biocompatibility, noncytotoxicity, and mechanical stability, i.e., the ability to maintain space during the bone repair process [3,4,5,6,7]
For bone neoformation to proceed, the following conditions must exist: there must be a source of osteogenic cells; adequate vascularization must exist; the wound site must remain mechanically stable during healing; there must be an appropriate space between the membrane and the bone surface, preventing the collapse of the membrane in this critical space; the membranes
On day 60, the defect was filled with immature connective tissue and the presence of inflammatory infiltrate, with no sign of bone neoformation, confirming these to be critical defects

Summary

Introduction

One of the great challenges for dentistry and medicine is the search for bone substitutes that meet the requirements for the physical-biological reconstruction of bone defects caused by traumatic physiological changes or pathological conditions [1, 2]. us, membranes appear to be a good option in guided bone regeneration (GBR) because they support osteopromotion, biocompatibility, noncytotoxicity, and mechanical stability, i.e., the ability to maintain space during the bone repair process [3,4,5,6,7].e literature shows that certain tissues inside the body have the biological potential for regeneration during healing under adequate surrounding conditions [8, 9]. e main indications for the use of biological membranes in ROG processes are the correction of edentulous edges or residual defects [10], alveoli after extractions and dehiscence, and fenestrations after placement of mediate and immediate implants [11]. E aim of the present study was to evaluate, through histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis, the potential of bovine collagen and porcine collagen membranes in the process of guided bone regeneration to repair critical bone defects in rat calvaria.

Results

Conclusion