Abstract
To improve the essential properties of soil, stabilization proved to be more significant in overcoming the limitations of the desired soil. The improvement of soil properties will not only enhance the mechanical properties rather it will help in preventing dust and erosion formation. In this study, a set of tests are carried out to examine the strength characteristics of subgrade soil blended with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and cement. EVA contributes almost 14% mass to the global waste, requiring bigger lands for its disposal; therefore, in order to promote a green environment and to bring an economical waste management system, an investigation of using EVA in the soil stabilization techniques is attempted. Soil specimens are investigated with and without the inclusion of EVA and cement. For this purpose, EVA was mixed with soil at a percentage level of 3, 6, and 9% whereas the cement was mixed at a percentage level of 4, 6, and 8%. To examine the combined effects of EVA and cement, the specimens were tested for compaction, direct shear, unconfined compression, triaxial, XRD, porosity, and permeability tests. All the soil samples were cured at 7, 14, and 28 days followed by the standard testing procedure. When cement was added to soil up to 4, 6, and 8% at a constant level of EVA (9%), cohesion was increased by 37, 42, and 46% while the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) was increased by 76, 81, and 84% for the same mixes. From the statistics, it clearly evident that the percentage increase caused by the addition of even 3% EVA to the cemented and uncemented soil specimens is very significant regarding cohesion and compressive strength. Porosity and permeability of soil containing both EVA (9%) and cement (8%) were decreased by 37% and 77%, respectively.
Highlights
A number of procedures and practices have been performed for the stabilization of subgrade of pavements like dewatering and compaction of the soil [1,2,3]
For maximum dry density (MDD), the samples were prepared tested in accordance with ASTM 698–00a; for direct shear testing, the blended soil specimens were tested followed the standards of ASTM D3080; for the unconfined test, the blended soil samples were tested in OMC-MDD condition following the standards of ASTM D1632; resilient modulus was determined in accordance with ASTM D531111; the porosity test of the specimens was performed in accordance with ASTM D1556, while the permeability test on the specimens was conducted in accordance with ASTM D2434-68
It is revealed that the maximum dry density (MDD) was achieved up to 16.9 KN/ m3 in case of untreated soil, while in the soil blended with 8% of cement and 9% ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), the MDD reached up to 16.6 KN/ m3
Summary
A number of procedures and practices have been performed for the stabilization of subgrade of pavements like dewatering and compaction of the soil [1,2,3]. Such practices of stabilization may be accomplished with the help of some traditional and nontraditional stabilizers such that cement, lime, polymers [4,5,6,7,8], fibers and geosynthetics [9,10,11,12,13], and other supplementary requisite depending upon the requirement. Different pozzolanic activities are involved when cement is added to the fine particles of soil, results in the enhancement of strength of soil. e stabilization by adding cement is faster and does not rely on the nature of the soil [19, 20].
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