Abstract
Removal of sulfonamides (SAs) by an integrated ozonation and biological activated carbon filtration (O3-BAC) process, as an advanced drinking water treatment process, was evaluated in a pilot-scale study. Furthermore, the effects of the O3-BAC process on sulfonamide-resistant bacteria (SRB) and on the removal of total organic carbon, UV254, and turbidity were investigated. Results indicate that ozonation could effectively remove SAs from water at an appropriate ozone dose with an improvement of water quality; however, BAC filtration would lead to an increase of SRB. In addition, the performance of the integrated process in eliminating disinfection byproducts formation potential (DBPsFP) in chlorination was evaluated. The results show ozonation would result in an increase of DBPsFP, while subsequent BAC filtration could effectively reduce DBPsFP to the safety-standard level of water quality. Overall, effective removal was achieved by the O3-BAC process in terms of the reduction of SAs but not of SRB. Subsequent disinfection is significant and biological safety should be evaluated further to ensure the effectiveness of the integrated process and the security of water quality.
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