Abstract
A total of sixteen oil palm interspecific hybrid progenies were evaluated for their fatty acid composition, iodine value, carotene content, height and height increment at Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) Bagan Datuk, Malaysia. Based on the results, unsaturated fatty acids were higher with a range of 60% compared to current breeding materials. Iodine value showed a considerable amount of the oil palm interspecific hybrid which was around 65. Carotene among some individuals showed an outstanding value of 3424 ppm. Height and height increment showed lower value than current breeding materials with an average 0.17 m height increment per year. Heritability values showed that the genetic component gave higher influence towards height and height increment while the fatty acid composition and carotene content were largely influenced by the environment.
Highlights
The oil palm in Malaysia begins with the dura as planting materials which originated from Bogor Botanical Garden, Indonesia (Yee and Chandran, 2005)
Palmitic acid, which is a saturated fatty acid had a mean of 34.71% of the total 160 bunch sample with a value of individual palm ranging between 23.36% to 45.36% (Table 3) and range of progeny mean 32.46% to 37.02% and mostly distributed between 33% to 37% (Figure 1)
Another study by Noh et al (2012) found the palmitic acid of oil palm interspecific hybrid ranging between 34.22% to 38% with a mean of 35.07% and Chaves et al (2018) stated that 3 progenies of the oil palm interspecific hybrid had delivered a range of palmitic acid between 26.3% to 32.5%
Summary
The oil palm in Malaysia begins with the dura as planting materials which originated from Bogor Botanical Garden, Indonesia (Yee and Chandran, 2005). It first came to Malaysia as ornamental palms, before it was being used as a commodities crop. The oil palm breeders seem to have a narrow genetic base as the oil palm is originated from four palms that were planted in Indonesia and the descendants brought to Malaysia.
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