Abstract
This research investigated two pilot scale vertical flow constructed wetlands systems (VFCWs) with alternative substrates (olivepomace charcoal and citrus charcoal) for removing inorganic pollutants, organic, and pathogens from municipal wastewater of secondary treatment. Each system design consists of two stages, the first one included olivepomace charcoal, while the second design included olivepomace charcoal with citrus charcoal. The system configurations were optimized and operated under different hydraulic retention time HRT (12-24-36-48-96-144-192 h).The results of tests revealed that the optimal removal efficiency for COD, BOD, TKN and Fecal Coliform obtained in system2 (98%, 98%, 71% and 99% at192 h), respectively. The highest TP and TSS removal was observed in the system1 (80% and 97% at 192 h), respectively. The pollutants (COD, BOD, TKN and Fecal Coliform) adsorption capacity of citrus charcoal is faster than citrus charcoal with olivepomace charcoal. However, olivepomace charcoal achieved better removal efficiency with an increase HRT. Overall, citrus charcoal and olivepomace charcoal proved to be efficient alternative substrates in CWs.
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