Abstract
The fibrovascular bundle (FVB) in palm plants consists of fiber and vascular tissue. Geometrically, it is a long fiber that can be used as an oriented board raw material. This research aimed to examine the performance of citric acid-bonded orientation boards from modified FVB salacca frond under NaOH + Na2SO3 treatment and the bonding mechanism between the modified FVB frond and citric acid. The results showed that changes in the chemical composition of FVB have a positive effect on the contact angle and increase the cellulose crystallinity index. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the oriented board showed that 1% NaOH + 0.2% Na2SO3 with 60 min immersion has a higher value compared to other treatments. The best dimension stability was on a board with the modified FVB of 1% NaOH + 0.2% Na2SO3 with 30 and 60 min immersion. The bonding mechanism evaluated by FTIR spectra also showed that there is a reaction between the hydroxyl group in the modified FVB and the carboxyl group in citric acid. This showed that the modified combination treatment of NaOH+Na2SO3 succeeded in increasing the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the orientation board from the FVB salacca frond.
Highlights
The fibrovascular bundle (FVB) is a tissue in monocot plants, palm plants, that consists of xylem, phloem, sclerenchyma fibers, and parenchyma tissue
1733 cm−1, but there was a significant peak on the modified orientation board at a wavelength of 1733 cm−1, which indicates the formation of a carbonyl group (C=O stretching) and an ester group C=O). This shows that there is a reaction between the hydroxyl group in the modified FVB and the carboxyl group in citric acid [42]
The research was conducted using the alkali modification of the fibrovascular bundle extracted from an S. zalacca frond for raw material of the orientation board
Summary
The fibrovascular bundle (FVB) is a tissue in monocot plants, palm plants, that consists of xylem, phloem, sclerenchyma fibers, and parenchyma tissue. Several types of research studies have been carried out on natural fibers using a chemical treatment to modify the surface structure and improve the compatibility between adhesive and raw material. This includes the use of alkali modification in natural fibers due to the convenience and simplicity of its application [4,5]. The use of NaOH+Na2 SO3 as a chemical modification exposes more –OH groups on the fiber surface and increases compatibility with adhesives since the surface structure facilitates higher interface bonding as raw material for composite boards [6,7]. The bond between the modified FVB and the adhesive improves with the presence of more –OH groups due to the combined modification of NaOH+Na2 SO3
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