Performance of Bidirectional ON-Board Charger in Electric Vehicle: A Review

Abstract

As per present technological advancement increment of electric vehicles (EVs) in public and private transportation is inevitable. Also, most of the EVs carry batteries as energy transaction/storage units. Generally, it can be observed that, mostly in the case of private vehicles, EVs are in an idle state for a longer time during corresponding office hours. So, these EVs can potentially be utilized for transmitting power from the batteries to the grid during the peak load condition of the grid. During the off-peak period of the grid, the batteries of the vehicles can be charged. To achieve this to-and-fro power flow of the batteries bidirectional converters (BC) play a significant role. In this regard, a high volume of research has been carried out to improve the design and topology of the BC to obtain highly efficient EVs. Therefore, it is eminent to review topologies used in BC. This paper discusses single phase single stage isolated, single phase two stage isolated, single phase two stage non-isolated, three-phase single-stage isolated, three-phase two-stage isolated, three-phase single-stage non-isolated, DC-DC isolated, and DC-DC non-isolated converters. Moreover, analysis about the performance of the converter topology based on parameters such as a wide voltage range, power density, efficiency, power factor, and total harmonic distortion are discussed. Furthermore, this extensive review delves into comparing various configurations of BC to provide insights into selecting the most suitable converter for a specific application.