Abstract
A new crystal spectrometer for application in X-ray opacity experiments is proposed. The conditions necessary to yield broad spectral coverage with a resolution${>}$500, strong rejection of hard X-ray backgrounds and negligible source broadening for extended sources are formulated. In addition, the design, response modeling and reporting of an elliptical crystal spectrometer in conjunction with a linear detector are presented. The measured results demonstrate the performance of the new crystal spectrometer with a broad energy coverage range, high spectral resolution, and high luminosity (good collection efficiency). This spectrometer can be used in combination with point-projection backlighting techniques as utilized in X-ray opacity experiments. Specifically, the X-ray source, transmission and self-emission spectra of the sample can be measured simultaneously in a single shot, which can reduce the experimental uncertainties from shot-to-shot fluctuations. The new crystal spectrometer has been used in the X-ray opacity experiment to precisely measure the aluminum$K$-absorption edge shift in the energy range around 1.560 keV in strongly compressed matter. It is demonstrated that the spectrometer can be used to realize measurements of new and unpredictable physical interactions of interest, as well as basic and applied high-energy-density science.
Highlights
Opacity is important for terrestrial plasmas for inertially and magnetically confined fusion programs
The theoretical and experimental study of the X-ray absorption characteristics of these plasmas is an active field of research with applications in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and X-ray laser production[1,2,3,4,5]
The absorption of the plasma should be measured over a broad spectral range relevant to radiation transport, and the spectral resolution of the instrument should be sufficiently
Summary
Opacity is important for terrestrial plasmas for inertially and magnetically confined fusion programs. Accurate X-ray absorption spectroscopy data are essential to validate theoretical models and plasma diagnostics over a broad range of temperatures and densities Among these studies, much effort has been devoted to improving the experimental accuracy[6, 7]. A major obstacle to achieving the design goals arises from the problem of producing a high spectral resolution, high luminosity, time-resolved spectra or time-integrated spectra spanning a large photon energy range This spectrometer will provide more accurate temperature and density information compared to traditional crystal spectrometer in the X-ray opacity experiments[15], detailed spectra of ICF plasmas and other high-energy-density (HED) physics experimental applications at the ShenguangII (SGII) laser facility.
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