Abstract
Composites from clamshell (CS) and low-cost biochar (BC) that was derived from coconut shell (CoS) were successfully produced. The BC-CS composites were prepared under two conditions, namely, solid–solid and solid–liquid, in ratios of 1:1 and 7:3. The metal sorption abilities of Al, Ca, and Mg were characterized using ICP and tested under batch conditions at pH values of 2.7, 6.8, and 8. The obtained XRD patterns showed that CoS and BC had crystalline and amorphous structures. XRF analysis showed that CoS and BC had high CaO and K2O contents while CS and BC-CS contained no K2O. The ICP analysis showed that the examined acid mine drainage sample had high Al, Ca, and Mg concentrations. BC and BC-CS successfully removed Al. According to the results of this study, low-cost-modified pyrolysis of BC-CS is a promising and inexpensive sorbent material for removing Al ions from acid mine drainage.
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