Abstract
As an emerging molecular imaging modality, cone-beam X-ray luminescence computed tomography (CB-XLCT) uses X-ray-excitable probes to produce near-infrared (NIR) luminescence and then reconstructs three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the probes from surface measurements. A proper photon-transportation model is critical to accuracy of XLCT. Here, we presented a systematic comparison between the common-used Monte Carlo model and simplified spherical harmonics (SPN). The performance of the two methods was evaluated over several main spectrums using a known XLCT material. We designed both a global measurement based on the cosine similarity and a locally-averaged relative error, to quantitatively assess these methods. The results show that the SP3 could reach a good balance between the modeling accuracy and computational efficiency for all of the tested emission spectrums. Besides, the SP1 (which is equivalent to the diffusion equation (DE)) can be a reasonable alternative model for emission wavelength over 692[Formula: see text]nm. In vivo experiment further demonstrates the reconstruction performance of the SP3 and DE. This study would provide a valuable guidance for modeling the photon-transportation in CB-XLCT.
Highlights
X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) is an attractive imaging modality, with the potential to improve the characterization and treatment response of small tumors.[1,2] The deep embedded nanophosphor materials in biological tissues emit near-infrared (NIR) luminescence light signals when stimulated by X-rays.[3]
We investigated the performance and applicability of the spherical harmonics (SPN) models for conebeam XLCT (CB-XLCT) imaging in detail
To test the accuracy of the SPN model based on 12 emission spectrums of the known XLCT materials for CB-XLCT imaging, we conducted numerical experiments of forward modeling
Summary
X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) is an attractive imaging modality, with the potential to improve the characterization and treatment response of small tumors.[1,2] The deep embedded nanophosphor materials in biological tissues emit near-infrared (NIR) luminescence light signals when stimulated by X-rays.[3]. To get a more accurate approximation of RTE, a high-order simplied spherical harmonics (SPN) approximation has been developed It exhibits better performance than the DE, was introduced in optical imaging.[18] Some studies have proved that the SPN models can e±ciently improve the imaging accuracy, e.g., BLT, FMT.[19,20,21] Further, some hybrid models based on the SPN have been proposed to exhibit the applicability in optical imaging.[22,23] SPN models do not converge to the exact RTE approximation when N !
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