Abstract
Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) was proved to be a potential means of disaster reduction. Unfortunately, the performance of the EEW system is largely determined by the density of EEW network. How to reduce the cost of sensors has become an urgent problem for building a dense EEW. A low-cost seismic sensor integrated with a Class C MEMS accelerometer was proposed in this paper. Based on minimal structure design, the sensor’s reliability was enhanced, while the costs were cut down as well. To fully reveal the performance, ten of the seismic sensors were installed and tested in Sichuan Province, southwest of China from May 2018 to February 2019. The seismic records obtained by the MNSMSs were compared with those by the traditional strong motion seismographs. The records obtained by the MNSMSs have good consistency with the data obtained by the Etnas. The MNSMSs can obtain clear seismic phases that are enough to trigger earthquake detections for EEW. By noise analysis, different channels of the same sensor and different sensors have good consistency. The tested dynamic range (over 87 dB) and useful resolution (over 14.5 bits) are completely in conformity with the designed parameters. Through real field testing, small earthquakes (M 3.1–3.6) can be detected by all three components E-W, N-S, and U-D within 50 km. In all, the low-cost seismic sensor proposed as a high-performance Class C MEMS sensor can meet the needs of dense EEW in terms of noise, dynamic range, useful resolution, reliability, and detecting capabilities.
Highlights
Of all natural disasters, the earthquake is one of the greatest threats to modern society.The Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) was thought to be a potential means of disaster reduction [1,2].In recent years, a large number of research efforts have been devoted to the study of the EEW around the world
To resolve smaller and more distant earthquakes with reliable output, a low-cost seismic sensor integrated with a Class C MEMS accelerometer was proposed in this paper
Noise analysis is one of the powerful tools to evaluate the performance of a seismic instrument, routers, all MNSMSs were defined as a Virtual Private Network (VPN), each sensor was given a virtual which can be used to obtain the self-noise, dynamic range, and useful resolution
Summary
The earthquake is one of the greatest threats to modern society. Some other approaches were applied, such as Molecular-Electronic Transducers (MET), the class C MEMS sensors are a commercial low-cost solution for EEW [19,20]. To understand their capabilities and limitations, some Class C MEMS sensors were tested for EEW applications [21,22,23]. QCN and P-Alert network use Class C MEMS sensors to collect seismic data. To resolve smaller and more distant earthquakes with reliable output, a low-cost seismic sensor integrated with a Class C MEMS accelerometer was proposed in this paper. According to the collected data, the performance of the low-cost seismic sensor was evaluated in terms of noise, dynamic range, useful resolution, reliability, and other detecting capabilities
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