Abstract
Asphalt is one of the primary materials that are extensively used by the pavement industry throughout the world. Its behaviour is highly dependent on the amount of loading and the level of temperature it is exposed to. Asphalt has been modified in the past with different additives to improve its high- or low-temperature properties. In Pakistan, temperature remains high for most of the time of the year; hence, asphalt binders with less susceptibility to higher temperatures are preferred for flexible pavements. Acids, polymers, fibers, and extenders have been used by the researchers to improve high-temperature performance of asphalt mixture. In the present study, a bio material derived from the animal waste, named as bone glue (BG), has been used with the 60/70 penetration grade binder in dosages of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% by weight of asphalt binder. The bone glue is produced from a sustainable source. It is a cost-effective and eco-friendly material. Moreover, it produces a durable and nonhazardous asphalt composite. The influence of addition of bone glue on asphalt binder was evaluated using different testing techniques which include consistency tests, rheological analysis, and adhesion tests. Furthermore, different performance tests were conducted on bone glue-modified asphalt mixtures. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were carried out to ensure the homogeneity and proper mixing of bone glue in asphalt binder. The results from the tests reveal that bone glue stiffens the asphalt binder hence enhancing its high temperature performance. Bone glue dosage of 9% by weight of the binder was found to be the optimum dosage based on the rheological and performance analysis.
Highlights
In Pakistan, most of the transport infrastructures consist of flexible pavements
Storage Stability. e high-temperature storage stability of bone glue (BG)-modified asphalt binder was studied by performing the storage stability test as per ASTM D5892. e storage stability is estimated in terms of separation index (SI), which is the softening point difference of top and bottom portions of the sample
A dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) plate of 25 mm geometry was used for testing samples at temperatures higher than 46°C while 8 mm geometry was used for testing samples at temperatures less than 46°C
Summary
In Pakistan, most of the transport infrastructures consist of flexible pavements. Asphalt binder is the primary material used in the construction of flexible pavements. Asphalt binder being a viscoelastic material is quite sensitive to temperature and traffic loading. Asphalt behaves as an elastic solid under lower temperatures and higher loading frequencies, while at higher temperatures and low loading frequencies, it behaves as a viscous fluid. In Pakistan, one of the most common types of failure is rutting because of very high temperature during summer. The traffic loading from slow-moving loaded trucks increase the viscous behaviour of asphalt making it sensitive to rutting [1, 2]
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