Abstract
Artificial Intelligence techniques have being applied to many problems in manufacturing systems in recent years. In the specific field of manufacturing scheduling many studies have been published trying to cope with the complexity of the manufacturing environment. One of the most utilized approaches is (multi) agent-based scheduling. Nevertheless, despite the large list of studies reported in this field, there is no resource or scientific study on the performance measure of this type of approach under very common and critical execution situations. This paper focuses on multi-agent systems (MAS) based algorithms for task allocation, particularly in manufacturing applications. The goal is to provide a mechanism to measure the performance of agent-based scheduling approaches for manufacturing systems under key critical situations such as: dynamic environment, rescheduling, and priority change. With this mechanism it will be possible to simulate critical situations and to stress the system in order to measure the performance of a given agent-based scheduling method. The proposed mechanism is a pioneering approach for performance evaluation of bidding-based MAS approaches for manufacturing scheduling. The proposed method and evaluation methodology can be used to run tests in different manufacturing floors since it is independent of the workshop configuration. Moreover, the evaluation results presented in this paper show the key factors and scenarios that most affect the market-like MAS approaches for manufacturing scheduling.
Highlights
H. devium was very potent against M. tuberculosis with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) equal to 50 μg·mL−1 and H. melaleucum gave a moderate activity with 100 μg·mL−1, while H. obconicum presented low activity, with a MIC of 200 μg·mL−1
Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) was 10 times higher for the methanolic extract and H. melaleucum gave the biggest amount followed by H. obconicum and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) values ranged from 39.75 ± 0.214 to 1214 ± 2.11 mg GAE 100 g−1 found in H. obconicum n-hexanic and H. melaleucum methanolic extracts, respectively
Methanolic extracts showed the highest TPC, and the n-hexane extracts of H. devium and H. obconicum presented the lowest, while for H. melaleucum the lowest TPC was for chloroform extract
Summary
Those species have been associated with severe pathological processes such as cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, inflammation and aging, as well as to food deterioration [1,2].Edible plants have been described in traditional medicines to treat several diseases and conditions.Many of these plants have an important antioxidant effect without some of the disadvantages presented by the synthetic antioxidants [3].A large number of antioxidants isolated from higher plants are secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds [4]. Those species have been associated with severe pathological processes such as cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, inflammation and aging, as well as to food deterioration [1,2]. Edible plants have been described in traditional medicines to treat several diseases and conditions. Many of these plants have an important antioxidant effect without some of the disadvantages presented by the synthetic antioxidants [3]. A large number of antioxidants isolated from higher plants are secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds [4]
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