Performance degradation assessment of wind turbine gearbox based on maximum mean discrepancy and multi-sensor transfer learning

Abstract

Gearboxes are critical transmission components in the drivetrain of wind turbine, which have a dominant failure rate and the highest downtime loss in all wind turbine subsystems. However, load variations of wind turbine gearbox are far from smooth and usually nondeterministic, which result in inconsistent data distributions. To solve the problem, a novel performance degradation assessment and prognosis method based on maximum mean discrepancy is proposed to test the difference between data distributions and extract the characteristics of multi-source working conditions data. Besides, the increase in sensors will bring more difficulties to establish prediction models in real-world scenarios due to different installation locations. In view of this, a transfer learning strategy called joint distribution adaptation is utilized to adapt data distribution between multi-sensor signals. Nevertheless, the presence of background noise of wind turbine signals restricts the applicability of these algorithms in practice. To further reduce the distribution difference, a novel criterion is proposed to evaluate and measure the data distribution difference between known and tested working conditions based on the witness function of maximum mean discrepancy. The application and superiority of proposed methodology are validated using a wind turbine gearbox life-cycle test data set. Meanwhile, model comparison and cross-verification are conducted between conventional and proposed prediction models. The results indicate that the proposed method has a better performance in performance degradation assessment for wind turbine gearbox.