Abstract
Fish consumption has grown in Brazil, but the lack of diversification in the offer of processed products restricts this eating habit. Moreover, the fact that industrialized products contain chemical additives threatens the image of fish as a healthy protein. Thus, the present study proposes not only to develop a product with antioxidant action, but also to apply it and compare it with a commercial antioxidant added to smoked pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) ribs. For this purpose, a meal was produced from the pulp of ‘jatobá’ (Hymenaea courbaril) fruit and its total phenolic content and antioxidant potential were tested. After its antioxidant power was proven, an experiment with 90 samples was carried out to test six storage times and five meal concentrations as a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial arrangement. Phase 2 was conducted with the most indicated concentration of the product, which was applied to 360 samples in a CRD with a factorial arrangement in which the factors corresponded to six storage times and two types of antioxidant (natural: jatobá meal; and commercial: butylated hydroxytoluene [BHT]) plus a control treatment. Microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory analyses were used for the evaluation. Results showed that the jatobá meal was effective as an antioxidant at the concentration of 4.5% to ensure a shelf life of 5 days under refrigerated storage, whereas BHT (100 mg/g) provided a shelf life of 10 days to the product and the treatment without antioxidant resulted in a shelf life of one day.
Highlights
The average per capita consumption of fish in Brazil in 2011 was 11.17 kg/person/year—14.5% more than the previous year (MPA, 2013)—which indicates increased fish consumption in the country. Ogawa & Maia (1999) stressed that this increase should be present in processed form, given the little available time of today’s society for their preparation
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is an antioxidant largely used in Brazil in several meat products (Evangelista, 2003)
Among the fruits found in the Brazilian cerrado vegetation, the ‘pequi’, ‘cumbaru’, and ‘jatobá’ (Hymenaea courbaril) stand out for their antioxidant properties
Summary
The average per capita consumption of fish in Brazil in 2011 was 11.17 kg/person/year—14.5% more than the previous year (MPA, 2013)—which indicates increased fish consumption in the country. Ogawa & Maia (1999) stressed that this increase should be present in processed form (ready-/semi-ready-to-eat), given the little available time of today’s society for their preparation. Ogawa & Maia (1999) stressed that this increase should be present in processed form (ready-/semi-ready-to-eat), given the little available time of today’s society for their preparation For this reason, smoked cuts of fish can provide both conditions, representing an excellent alternative for those wishing a balanced, easy, and fast eating lifestyle. The leaves, peel, and pulp of jatobá contain terpenic and phenolic compounds with antimicrobial action, which validates their history of use against diverse illnesses (Guarim Neto & Morais, 2003). These compounds include phenolic acids, which have antioxidant properties
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