Acid fish silage in the diet of pacu and tambacu reared at cold suboptimal temperature

Camila Fernandes Corrêa,Antônio Fernando Leonardo,Dariane Beatriz Shoffen Enke,Rafael Vilhena Reis Neto,Thaís Da Silva Oliveira

doi:10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01653

Abstract

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the supplementation of diet of pacu and tambacu with acid fish silage during winter. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (two genetic groups and two diets), with three replicates. The genetic group factor was composed of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and tambacu (♀ Colossoma macropomum × ♂ Piaractus mesopotamicus). The two diets were based on plant ingredients; one of them was supplemented with acid fish silage (silage diet), and the other was a base diet without supplementation. Twelve net tanks, six from which with pacu, and six with tambacu, were used as experimental units, with ten fish in each tank. There was an interaction of the factors for final length, final weight, and daily weight gain. Pacu fed the silage diet showed a higher growth than pacu fed with the base diet; however, this effect was not observed for tambacu. A higher feed efficiency was observed for pacu than for tambacu, without a diet effect. The diet supplementation with acid fish silage improves the productive performance of pacu reared at cold suboptimal temperature, but it does not have this effect on tambacu.

Highlights

World aquaculture grows at an accelerated rate and has already surpassed fisheries as the main protein source for human consumption (FAO, 2018)
Acid fish silage in the diet of pacu and tambacu reared at cold suboptimal temperature Abstract – The objective of this work was to evaluate the supplementation of diet of pacu and tambacu with acid fish silage during winter
The diet supplementation with acid fish silage improves the productive performance of pacu reared at cold suboptimal temperature, but it does not have this effect on tambacu

Summary

Introduction

World aquaculture grows at an accelerated rate and has already surpassed fisheries as the main protein source for human consumption (FAO, 2018). Much of aquaculture development occurs in subtropical climate, where large temperature differences occur between summer and winter. It is critical to the success of the activity to find adapted species to environment conditions, and diets to help these animals overcome climate challenge. Round fish (species and hybrids of the genera Colossoma and Piaractus) is one of the most produced fish group in Brazil, after only tilapia production. While in the northern and central-western Brazil the main species of round fish raised is tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) (IBGE, 2016), in the southern Brazil the main produced species are pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and the hybrid tambacu (♀ Colossoma macropomum × ♂ Piaractus mesopotamicus). The hybrid combines desirable characteristics of both originating species: greater growth rate of tambaqui in tropical climate, and a better adaptation of pacu to temperature oscillation in subtropical climate. For a genetic group to express its full potential in growth, it needs an adequate nutrition and specific rearing conditions

Objectives

Methods

Results