Abstract
The Rehabilitated Mudor sewage treatment plant at James Town was monitored over a period of 4 months (October 2017 to January 2018). This study analyzed the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the raw sewage and the treated effluent from the plant. The result indicates that the total removal efficiencies were 98.8%, 91.2%, 62.8%, 28.6%, 81.7%, 43.6%, 82.5% and 99.6% for BOD, COD, TSS, Nitrate-Nitrogen, Phosphate-Phosphorus, Ammonia-nitrogen, Sulphate and faecal coliform respectively. More than 13 parameters needed to be met according to the Ghana Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guideline were satisfactorily met whiles ammonia, total suspended solids and phosphate were slightly out of range. From the results obtained, the overall performance of the rehabilitated plant was satisfactory and has seen some improvement with respect to the former recorded performance of the plant. With monitoring operation parameters for waste water plants discharge guidelines becoming stringent over the past years, it could be said that management of the Mudor rehabilitated treatment plant is on the right cause with full scale operation of the plant barely less than a year. Increase in the process steps through rehabilitation resulted in several significant improvements in effluent quality parameters.
Highlights
With the introduction of the new Lavender Hill Faecal treatment plant coupled with the back-online rehabilitated Mudor waste water treatment plant in 2017, it could be said that there has been a significant reduction in the outbreak of water-borne diseases such as cholera and other water-borne related diseases
Sampled waste water for the present research was selected from the various treatment units of the Mudor waste water treatment plant and process parameters analyzed, in terms of their Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) which was measured after potassium dichromate digestion with HACH instrument (DR1900), BOD5 test method APHA 5210, Total Suspended Solids [15], pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Dissolved Oxygen were measured using multi parameter pH meter (HQ40D LDO10101), faecal coliform, the nutrients were determined using the HACH DR1900 in line with the APHA methods [15]
Treatment plant effluent water with High or low pH ranges may affect the natural waters in the recipient as well [16] [17]. pH values recorded ranged from 6.74 - 7.26 (Table 2), for the composite sample of the raw sewage
Summary
The Mudor sewage treatment plant collects domestic sewage from Ministries, Osu-Labone, High Street, parts of Dansoman area, Accra Central and Korle Bu all in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana Most of these areas have pump stations which pumps waste water into the plant, generating a discharge flow of 16,000 to 18,000 m3 per day. Research works have indicated that the distribution of the functions adopted in the rehabilitated operational process can vary within activated sludge due to seasonal flow rates variations, seasonal variability of biomass density and aeration conditions [5] [6] Such variations have the potential to result in an operational risk impact on the plant and improper operation of WWTP may lead to discharge of contaminated effluents leading to negative consequences in relation to environmental and public health [7].
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