Abstract
A large quantity of food waste (FW) is generated annually across the world and results in environmental pollution and degradation. This study investigated the performance of a 160 L anaerobic biofilm single-stage reactor in treating FW. The reactor was operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 124, 62, and 35 days under mesophilic conditions. The maximum biogas and methane yield achieved was 0.934 L/g VSadded and 0.607 L CH4/g VSadded, respectively, at an HRT of 124 days. When HRT decreased to 62 days, the volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia accumulation increased rapidly whereas pH, methane yield, and biogas yield decreased continuously. The decline in biogas production was likely due to shock loading, which resulted in scum accumulation in the reactor. A negative correlation between biogas yield and volatile solid (VS) removal efficiency was also observed, owing to the floating scum carrying and urging the sludge toward the upper portion of the reactor. The highest VS (79%) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency (80%) were achieved at an HRT of 35 days. Three kinetic models—the first-order kinetic model, the modified Gompertz model, and the logistic function model—were used to fit the cumulative biogas production experimental data. The kinetic study showed that the modified Gompertz model had the best fit with the experimental data out of the three models. This study demonstrates that the stability and performance of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process, namely biogas production rate, methane yield, intermediate metabolism, and removal efficiency, were significantly affected by HRTs.
Highlights
City councils are faced with managing increased amounts of food waste (FW) nowadays, which could potentially derail sustainable economic development
This study demonstrates that the stability and performance of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process, namely biogas production rate, methane yield, intermediate metabolism, and removal efficiency, were significantly affected by hydraulic retention times (HRTs)
When HRT decreased from 124 days to 62 days and organic loading rate (OLR) increased from 0.51 kg volatile solid (VS)/m3 /d to 1.4 kg VS/m3 /d, the maximum biogas yield and the average biogas yield decreased from 0.934 to 0.715 L/g VSadded and from 0.589 to 0.41 L/g VSadded, respectively (Table 4)
Summary
City councils are faced with managing increased amounts of food waste (FW) nowadays, which could potentially derail sustainable economic development. Solid Waste Corporation Management of Malaysia (SWCorp), Malaysia disposed of 16,687 tons of FW daily. SWCorp noted that 55% of municipal solid waste disposed at landfills mainly consisted of FW. Several treatment processes including incineration, composting, and landfill have been widely used to manage FW [3,4]. These processes are not economically feasible, as they incur high energy losses and increased environmental pollution [3,4,5].
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