Abstract
The article presents experimental test results of a DI single-cylinder, air-cooled diesel engine FL 511 operating with the normal (class 2) diesel fuel (DF), rapeseed oil (RO) and its 10%, 20% and 30% (v/v) blends with aviation-turbine fuel JP-8 (NATO code F-34). The purpose of the research was to analyse the effects of using various rapeseed oil and jet fuel RO90, RO80 and RO70 blends on brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, emissions and smoke of the exhaust. The test results of engine operation with various rapeseed oil and jet fuel blends compared with the respective parameters obtained when operating with neat rapeseed oil and those a straight diesel develops at full (100%) engine load and maximum brake torque speed of 2000 rpm. The research results showed that jet fuel added to rapeseed oil allows to decrease the value of kinematic viscosity making such blends suitable for the diesel engines. Using of rapeseed oil and jet fuel blends proved themselves as an effective measure to maintain fuel-efficient performance of a DI diesel engine. The brake specific fuel consumption decreased by about 6.1% (313.4 g/kW·h) and brake thermal efficiency increase by nearly 1.0% (0.296) compared with the respective values a fully (100%) loaded engine fuelled with pure RO at the same test conditions. The maximum NOx emission was up to 13.7% higher, but the CO emissions and smoke opacity of the exhaust 50.0% and 3.4% lower, respectively, for the engine powered with biofuel blend RO70 compared with those values produced by the combustion of neat rapeseed oil at full (100%) engine load and speed of 2000 rpm.
Highlights
Performance and emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine operating with rapeseed oil and jp-8 fuel blends
The brake specific fuel consumption decreased by about 6.1% (313.4 g/kW·h) and brake thermal efficiency increase by nearly 1.0% (0.296) compared with the respective values a fully (100%) loaded engine fuelled with pure rapeseed oil (RO) at the same test conditions
The maximum NOx emissions increased by 13.7% when operating with biofuel blend RO70 compared with that value of 1995 ppm measured with neat rapeseed oil and sustained at about the same 2223 ppm level as that of 2210 ppm a straight diesel produces at full (100%) engine load and speed of 2000 rpm. 4
Summary
The EU Directive 2009/28/EC approves a target of a 20% share of renewable biofuels in overall transport petrol and diesel consumption by 2020 to be introduced in a cost-effective way. The composition of jet fuel includes a small amount of anti-icing of fuelling system inhibitor S-1745, i.e. an additive, which deepens a freezing temperature of JP-8 fuel at high altitudes to avoid build-up of ice crystals in the fuelling system, and lubricity improving additive S-1747 [13] Using of this alternative fuel as a lighter additive to prepare jet-rapeseed oil fuel blends should significantly reduce density and kinematic viscosity, improve cold filter plugging point, filtration properties and vaporisation quality of the tested rapeseed oil and jet fuel blends. A lot of the research and development performed on biofuels using in a diesel engine, there still is not completely clear what could be the optimal rapeseed oil and jet fuel mixing rate to be recommend for the use in diesel powered transport machines and power generators. Crude rapeseed oil as a cheap sub-product would be a good alternative to be profitably utilised in agricultural tractors
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