Performance and Cost-Efficient Spark Job Scheduling Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning in Cloud Computing Environments

Abstract

Big data frameworks such as Spark and Hadoop are widely adopted to run analytics jobs in both research and industry. Cloud offers affordable compute resources which are easier to manage. Hence, many organizations are shifting towards a cloud deployment of their big data computing clusters. However, job scheduling is a complex problem in the presence of various Service Level Agreement (SLA) objectives such as monetary cost reduction, and job performance improvement. Most of the existing research does not address multiple objectives together and fail to capture the inherent cluster and workload characteristics. In this article, we formulate the job scheduling problem of a cloud-deployed Spark cluster and propose a novel Reinforcement Learning (RL) model to accommodate the SLA objectives. We develop the RL cluster environment and implement two Deep Reinforce Learning (DRL) based schedulers in TF-Agents framework. The proposed DRL-based scheduling agents work at a fine-grained level to place the executors of jobs while leveraging the pricing model of cloud VM instances. In addition, the DRL-based agents can also learn the inherent characteristics of different types of jobs to find a proper placement to reduce both the total cluster VM usage cost and the average job duration. The results show that the proposed DRL-based algorithms can reduce the VM usage cost up to 30%.