Performance Analysis of Emergency Ventilator #BPPT3S-LEN for In-Hospital Use

Abstract

Covid-19 is a global pandemic that originated in Wuhan, China in 2019. It spread very fast around the globe. Many countries suffer from this disease. About 532.2 million people were confirmed and 6.3 million patients were reported dead globally. People infected by this disease will suffer from breathing problems, ranging from light problems to respiration failure. Mechanical ventilators are commonly used to treat patients with respiration failure. However, the increasing number of Covid-19 patients staying in the hospitals, caused the hospitals to lack mechanical ventilators. The emergency ventilator was a choice need to be developed to respond to the lack of mechanical ventilators in the hospitals. It is easy to develop, electronics and medical components available in the local market. Emergency Ventilator #BPPT3S-LEN is an automatic BVM-based resuscitator. This medical device was developed based on the Emergency Use Ventilator Design Guidance of AAMI/CR501:2020 of the USA and MHRA of the UK. It consists of a mechanical part for squeezing, airbag, breathing circuit, pressure gauge, one-way valve, relief valve, flow sensor, PEEP valve, mask or endotracheal tube. Ventilation parameters need to be set in this device including tidal volume, respiration rate, inspirations/expiration time ratio, and PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure). Measured parameters were tidal volume, respiration rate, peak inspiratory pressure, inspiration/expiration time ratio. Alarm systems were set for maximum inspiration pressure, minimum battery voltage, AC power failure. Self-calibration software was installed in this device. Medical doctors tested about 5 emergency ventilators in regional public hospital RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang, Indonesia. It was reported that the devices gave better results than manual bagging for measurement results of tidal volume, respiration rate, and peak inspiratory pressure.