Abstract
Base station sites (BSSs) powered with renewable energy sources have gained the attention of cellular operators during the last few years. This is because such “green” BSSs impose significant reductions in the operational expenditures (OPEX) of telecom operators due to the possibility of on-site renewable energy harvesting. In this paper, the green BSSs power supply system parameters detected through remote and centralized real time sensing are presented. An implemented sensing system based on a wireless sensor network enables reliable collection and post-processing analyses of many parameters, such as: total charging/discharging current of power supply system, battery voltage and temperature, wind speed, etc. As an example, yearly sensing results for three different BSS configurations powered by solar and/or wind energy are discussed in terms of renewable energy supply (RES) system performance. In the case of powering those BSS with standalone systems based on a fuel generator, the fuel consumption models expressing interdependence among the generator load and fuel consumption are proposed. This has allowed energy-efficiency comparison of the fuel powered and RES systems, which is presented in terms of the OPEX and carbon dioxide (CO2) reductions. Additionally, approaches based on different BSS air-conditioning systems and the on/off regulation of a daily fuel generator activity are proposed and validated in terms of energy and capital expenditure (CAPEX) savings.
Highlights
In the wide area cellular network, the most energy-demanding element is a macro base station (BS) [1]
This has allowed for an additional paper contribution, which can be found in the presentation of the operational expenditure (OPEX) savings and CO2 reductions incurred for each green base station sites (BSSs) due to the transformation from fuel powered into the renewable energy supply (RES) powered BSS
A developed sensor network can offer instantaneous and historical insight into all information related to the power supply system of specific green BSS
Summary
In the wide area cellular network, the most energy-demanding element is a macro base station (BS) [1]. The main contribution of this paper is the presentation of many useful data about power supply parameters of different green BSSs. In the case of powering those BSS with standalone systems based on a fuel generators, models indicating interdependence among average generator daily load and fuel consumption are proposed. In the case of powering those BSS with standalone systems based on a fuel generators, models indicating interdependence among average generator daily load and fuel consumption are proposed This has allowed for an additional paper contribution, which can be found in the presentation of the OPEX savings and CO2 reductions incurred for each green BSS due to the transformation from fuel powered into the RES powered BSS.
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