Performance, Adaptability and Stability of Soybean Cultivars Submitted to Different Environments Conditions

Carlos André Bahry,Adriano Brutscher,Leandro André Petkowicz,Josieli Aparecida Da Silva,Paulo Fernando Adami,Maicon Nardino,Ângela Aparecida Carleso

doi:10.5296/jas.v8i4.17352

Abstract

For the plant breeding, developing a single soybean cultivar that is adapted and stable to multiple production environments has been a major challenge. Therefore, integrating the individual analysis of cultivars to their average response when gathered in groups of relative maturity can be a smart alternative to minimize risks and maximize soybean productivity. Nine soybean cultivars were grouped into four distinct groups as to their relative maturity (from 4.8 to 6.4), and tested in three sowing times (September, October and December) and three growing seasons (2016/17, 2017/18 and 2018/19) as to their yield performance, adaptability and stability in southwest Paraná, Brazil, latitude 25º41'52 "S, longitude 53º03'94" We, altitude of 509 meters. Performance was evaluated by grouping means, using Scott Knott. For the adaptability and stability analysis, AMMI (Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction), GGE Biplot and Centroid methods were used. The NS 5909 IPRO® and NS 6909 IPRO® cultivars, both close to GMR 6.0, presented superior average performance in most of the evaluated production environments, and the earliest cultivars, with GMR less than 5.4, were the ones that produced less, in general, in different environments. Specific adaptations stood out from the general broad adaptation for the evaluated cultivars. The adaptability of the genotypes was not accompanied by high stability, which contributes to the reduction of the average productivity of the cultivars when exposed to different environments.

Highlights

In order to be successful with soybean cultivation in countries that have a wide diversity of edaphoclimatic conditions, it is necessary to conduct research by adaptation zones, testing more suitable sowing times for cultivars of different relative maturity groups (RMG)
The experiment was carried out in field condition, forming four distinct groups of soybean cultivars depending on their cycle (Relative Maturity Group)
The analysis of variance indicated an interaction between factors, cultivars and sowing periods, for all variables analyzed (Table 2)

Summary

Introduction

In order to be successful with soybean cultivation in countries that have a wide diversity of edaphoclimatic conditions, it is necessary to conduct research by adaptation zones, testing more suitable sowing times for cultivars of different relative maturity groups (RMG). The soybean is a thermo-photoperiodic crop in which high temperatures and short photoperiod accelerate the development of plants influencing their size and cycle and, the productive potential of the crop (Braccini et al, 2004; Jiang et al, 2011) In this sense, the correct positioning of cultivars within the agricultural zoning for a given region is a decisive factor for high yields, as this strategy results in significant changes in the genotype x production environment relationship (Barros et al, 2010; Meotti et al, 2012; Peixoto et al, 2000; Zanon et al, 2018). Studies on G × E interaction are of great importance, as they provide information about the behavior of each genotype in the face of environmental variations (Yokomizo & Santos, 2018; Barros, 2015)

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