Abstract
Purpose: Dry needling involves the passing of a fine needle underneath the skin into either a muscle or tendon creating a calculated injury, triggering an inflammatory response and reparative tissue. While the procedure has existed for some time, evidence of its efficacy in the literature is sparse. There are several other treatment modalities such as corticosteroid injection, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, plantar iontophoresis with similar principles of bringing different growth factors and cytokines, stimulating bone and soft tissue healing.
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