Percutaneous Embolization of Venous Malformations

Abstract

Venous malformation (VM) stands as the most prevalent form of vascular malformation, characterized by its diverse morphology. These lesions can manifest in any part of the body, affecting different tissue planes and giving rise to symptoms such as pain, swelling, or physical dysfunction. In the realm of treatment, direct puncture VM embolization holds its place as the primary approach. This technique involves the administration of an embolization agent into the VM channels during contrast phlebography while simultaneously managing the outflow veins through different methods. The process of VM embolization induces endothelial damage, thrombosis, and fibrosis, resulting in symptom relief through lesion shrinkage. It is crucial to exercise caution techniques and embolization agents during VM embolization to minimize procedural complications, enhance clinical outcomes, and ultimately improve the patient's overall quality of life.