PERCEPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN NEPALESE OF THREE ECOLOGICALLY DIFFERENT AREAS

Abstract

Nepal is one of the least developed countries in the world. Environmental pollution and its influence on humane health are the growing concern of national health planners. The purpose of this study was to examinethe relationship between the resource use and environmental perception of inhabitants, and to discuss the environmental sustainability in Nepal. We carried out a preliminary study on environmental pollution and a questionnaire survey in three districts, Kathmandu, Mustang, and Rupandehi, which were selected with a consideration of geographical, ecological and urban-rural conditions in the country. Environmental concentrations and personal exposure levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured by using small passive air samplers/gas tubes, and drinking water quality was examined by a portable test-kit. Using questionnaire, we collected information for a total of 585 persons through local interviewers on residential conditions, agricultural activity, environmental conditions, health effect, and attitude toward environmental sustainability. We found that the environmental concentrations and personal exposure levels of NO2 and total VOCs differed by regions, reflecting the different type of emission sources. Although the levels were generally lower than the international guideline, the indoor levels of NO2 and total VOCs were commonly higher in three districts than outdoor levels. Some of the samples from the potable water sources in urban area were unexpectedly contaminated with a high level of nitrate. Analysis of the response to questionnaire indicated marked regional differences in subjects' environmental perception and focus on the major environmental problems.