Percentiler and Flagger – low-cost, on-line monitoring of laboratory and manufacturer data and significant surplus to current external quality assessment

Abstract

AbstractBackground:We developed two web-based applications called the “Percentiler” and “Flagger”. They use electronically sent data from the analysis of patient samples (medians in the Percentiler; % flagging in the Flagger). Through a graphical user interface, the applications allow on-line monitoring of the stability of analytical performance and flagging rate, both assessed against quality specifications. These are guided by biological variation (Percentiler) and effect of analytical instability on surrogate medical decisions (Flagger). Here, we report on the use of the applications.Methods:We constructed examples with combined observations to investigate whether the Flagger adequately translates the effect of analytical instability observed in the Percentiler, and whether the changes in the flagging rate tolerated by the proposed stability limits is realistic in combination with the analytical performance goals.Results:In general, the examples show that the most prominent flagging rates correlate well with the analytical stability and that the limits proposed for the Flagger are realistically linked to those of the Percentiler. They also show that for certain analytes the specifications for stable flagging rates can be restricted to 20% (relatively to the laboratory’s long-term flagging median) despite ambitious analytical performance goals, while for others they need to be expanded up to 70% in concordance with decreasing biological variation.Conclusions:The examples confirm that the changes in flagging rate is well related to the analytical variation, and that the proposed stability limits are fit-for-purpose. The combined observations may help individual laboratories to define realistic but ambitious performance specifications that apply for their local situation.