Perancangan Antena MIMO 8x8 Frekuensi Kerja 3,5 GHz Untuk Teknologi 5G

This research presents the design and analysis of a 5G harvesting energy Circuit (MIMO-rectenna) to receive wireless power at Sub-6 frequencies (5.6 GHz) as a power source for some medical devices carried by a patient and moved from one place to another, whether they are diagnostic or therapeutic devices. This concept aims (MIMO-rectenna) to increase the likelihood of obtaining electricity from the ambient field by harvesting energy at 5G- frequencies. The tiny MIMO (2x1) antenna measuring 30 by 40 mm2 is the antenna portion of this rectenna. It has been built and tested to operate at Sub-6 frequency, or 5.6 GHz, for wireless power transmission applications related to 5G technology. The MIMO antenna has parameters of E = 4.4, h = 1.6 mm, and tand = 0.025 when printed on an FR4 substrate. A significant section of the antenna's rear was removed to carry out the broadband process, and the material's front side was composed of a series of circular slits. In this antenna, the parasitic approach was employed to decrease the mutual coupling between two ports by creating an inverted T with precise dimensions. The CST software 2024 was used to assist with the design and simulation results of this MIMO antenna. It was discovered through the simulation that the mutual coupling for these ports, 𝑆12and 𝑆21, is equal to -51.476 dB, and that the S-parameters, 𝑆11, 𝑆22, equal -22 dB. That is, there is very little signal loss while switching from the first port to the second and vice versa. This antenna's rectifier comprised an AC-to-DC conversion circuit, a DC filter, and an impedance-matching network. With the use of ADS software 2024, this rectenna's design and simulation results were completed. The greatest conversion efficiency of this rectenna at the frequency of 5.6 GHz is determined to be between 65 % and 65.01% for load resistance between 12 KΩ and 15 KΩ at an input power of 14 dBm.

Isolation enhancement of a capacitively-fed MIMO antenna using a quasi-fractal parasitic element and defected ground structure

This research was proposed a circular patch MIMO antenna by using a ring and circular parasitic radiator structure. As a novelty, in order to enhance bandwidth and gain of circular patch MIMO antenna, a conventional circular patch MIMO antenna will be added a ring and a circular parasitic. Therefore, this research was investigated a conventional MIMO antenna (C-MA), ring parasitic MIMO antenna (RP-MA), and circular parasitic MIMO antenna (CP-MA) as Model 1, Model 2, and Model 3, respectively. This MIMO antenna was designed on FR4 microstrip substrate with r= 4.4, thickness h=1.6 mm, and tan = 0.0265. This MIMO antenna has center frequency 2.35 GHz which is a frequency band for LTE application in Indonesia. An Advance Design System (ADS) software was used to determine the antenna parameters. The MIMO antenna C-MA / RP-MA/ CP-MA achieves 2.36GHz/ 2.38GHz/ 2.38 GHz, 70 MHz/ 100 MHz/ 120 MHz, 1.625 dBi/ 4.066 dBi/ 4.117 dBi, 6.414 dBi/ 7.26 dBi/ 7.153 dBi, 33.9 %/ 47.8 %/ 49.70 %, -12.35 dB/ -22.21 dB/ -23.66 dB, and -30.924 dB/ -28.46 dB/ -27.59 dB for center frequency, bandwidth, gain, directivity, efficiency, reflection coefficient, and mutual coupling, respectively. Compared to C-MA (Model1) performances, The result showed that proposed antenna has wider-bandwidth/ higher-gain with 42.8%/ 150.2 %, and 71.4%/ 163.3% for RP-MA (Model 2) and CP-MA (Model 3), respectively. The proposed antenna has size of 50 mm x 130 mm x 23.2 mm. Measured results are in a good agreement with the simulated results.

Design and development of miniaturized MIMO antenna using parasitic elements and Machine learning (ML) technique for lower sub 6 GHz 5G applications

This paper presents the analysis of a T‐stub loaded two element MIMO antenna placed in the vehicular environment at different positions on the vehicle. The MIMO antenna consists of two collinear printed dipoles as the elements. It operates for millimetre wave frequencies from 24.6–42.1 GHz and 50.1–52.5 GHz with a bandwidth of 17.5 GHz and 2.4 GHz respectively. The two elements of the MIMO antenna have the minimum mutual coupling of −89.5dB over the operating band. The envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) of the MIMO antenna is less than 0.01 throughout the band and the diversity gain (DG) is about 10. The MIMO antenna is placed at four different positions on the vehicle in virtual vehicular environment using ANSYS SAVANT. The measured results are matching with the simulation results and the proposed MIMO antenna can be used for future 5G communications for different automotive applications.

A High Gain compact ultra-wide band (UWB) microstrip MIMO antenna with fork shaped geometry is proposed. A C-slot is designed near to the feed line to provide a perfect match between return loss and isolation at the resonant frequency. Finally we achieved the Return loss(S11) of −42dB and mutual coupling is about −26dB respectively. A trade off is maintained between the bandwidth and the Gain of the Antenna to get rid of the problem of Non Line Of Sight communication in the UWB frequency range. The proposed antenna having partial ground plane having chair like structure is fabricated on a low cost FR4 substrate having dimensions 50 (Lsub) X 39 (Wsub) X 1.6 (h) mm3 and is fed by a 50Ω microstrip line. The results show that the proposed antenna achieves impedance bandwidth (VSWR<2) from 7 GHz to 8.5 GHz and from 6.25 GHz to 6.8 GHz providing gain of 8.2 dB with a gain variation of less than 2 dB over the frequency band. Also the mutual coupling are below −25 dB and −15 dB respectively. This proves a better tradeoff between Gain and Bandwidth with regards to the MIMO antennas. For most of MIMO antennas gain is very less varying from 2 dB to 5 dB. Moreover the fabricated prototype MIMO antenna results of S11, S21 and Gain are found very similar to the Simulation results.

In recent years, Multiple Input and Multiple Output antennas (MIMO) used for high-bandwidth communications where it's important to not have interference from microwave or RF systems. The MIMO antenna offers good matching with stable gain and desired radiation patterns but it suffers on mutual coupling effects. The spacing between antenna elements is less than half the wavelength, and then mutual coupling effects are more. This paper provides a review on different mutual coupling reduction techniques in MIMO antenna. In this letter, a hybrid mutual coupling reduction technique such as substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and defected ground structure (DGS) in MIMO antennas for X-band applications. The developed MIMO antenna has dimensions as 25 x 36 mm over a FR4 1.6 mm substrate. The MIMO antenna has formed by combining two fractal-shaped structures. Here, the antenna element spacing is taken as minimum of 5.62mm. To reduce the mutual coupling effect and enhance gain, hybrid techniques are used. By adding 24 hollow cylindrical SIW is placed in between a MIMO element and six rectangular DGS slots placed at the bottom of the antenna for reducing the mutual coupling and enhance the gain. The proposed antenna operates at resonating frequencies of 10.04 GHz, 11.14 GHz, and 11.69 GHz for measurement. The mutual coupling or isolation loss was observed around &lt;-25 dB. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain (DG) of the proposed antenna are 0.0016 and &gt;9 dB, respectively. The gain observed for the proposed design is 5.2 dB. The Ansys high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) tool is used for antenna simulation.

E-shaped multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) microstrip antenna systems operating in WLAN and WiMAX bands (between 5 and 7.5 GHz) are proposed with enhanced isolation features. The systems are comprised of two antennas that are placed parallel and orthogonal to each other, respectively. According to the simulation results, the operating frequency of the MIMO antenna system is 6.3 GHz, and mutual coupling is below −18 dB in a parallel arrangement, whereas they are 6.4 GHz and −25 dB, respectively, in the orthogonal arrangement. The 2 × 3 matrix of C-shaped resonator (CSR) is proposed and placed between the antenna elements over the substrate, to reduce the mutual coupling and enhance the isolation between the antennas. More than 30 dB isolation between the array elements is achieved at the resonant frequency for both of the configurations. The essential parameters of the MIMO array such as mutual coupling, surface current distribution, envelop correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), and the total efficiency have been simulated to verify the reliability and the validity of the MIMO system in both parallel and orthogonal configurations. The experimental results are also provided and compared for the mutual coupling with simulated results. An adequate match between the measured and simulated results is achieved.

This survey discusses about the different MIMO Antennas. In the current generation MIMO Antenna play an important role in the area of wireless communication. In the last decade there are many research work purposed in the area of MIMO antenna. In this review discuss on the different MIMO Antenna's and its specification. In this survey paper also discuss about the different MIMO antenna with different parasitic elements and its effect of reduce the MIMO antenna problem such as mutual coupling and cross polarization between patch array. For the analysis of mutual coupling also focus on the surface current analysis, in this survey shows the surface current analysis of different previous work. ECC and efficiency of the MIMO antenna also play vital role to analyze the performance of the MIMO antenna. Most of the MIMO antenna suffer from Mutual Coupling (MC), low gain, lower bandwidth and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). These are the major problem in this survey paper. The last section discusses about the comparative analysis of last decade MIMO antenna which is presented by different researchers and compare the performance of those antenna on the basis of different result parameters such ECC, efficiency (η), surface current analysis, return loss analysis and impudence matching.

A Novel dual notched 4-element MIMO (Multi-Input-Multi-Output) antenna with gap sleeves and H-slot is proposed and fabricated for UWB (ultra wide-band) applications. The proposed antenna is CPW (Co-Planar Waveguide) fed and consists of four orthogonal elements with good isolation. It has low profile and small dimensions of 80 &#x00D7; 80 &#x00D7; 1.6 mm³. The proposed MIMO antenna achieved an impedance bandwidth (S11 &lt;; -10$ dB) from 2.1GHz - 20GHz with notches from 3.3GHz - 4.1GHz and 8.2GHz - 8.6GHz frequency bands. These achieved notches can filter the interference of WiMAX(3.3GHz - 3.7GHz), and military/radar applications band (8.2GHz - 8.6GHz). Mutual coupling among the elements is also below -25dB. The performance parameters of proposed MIMO antenna are relatively good with very low ECC (Envelop Correlation Coefficient) less than 0.02 except at notches and DG (Diversity Gain) nearly 10. Peak gain of 5.8dB is achieved by the proposed antenna and the radiation efficiency is also above 80% except at notches.The computer-generated and experimental results are in accord and therefore, the proposed four element MIMO antenna can be suggested as a suitable aspirant for UWB applications with stop bands for WiMAX and military/radar applications.

A MIMO antenna with 3-D electromagnetic isolation wall structure is proposed to obtain a low mutual coupling. The MIMO antenna operates at a center frequency of 2.55GHz and the array element distance is 0.13λ. To reduce the mutual coupling of the MIMO antenna array, five 3-D electromagnetic isolation walls is designed and integrated into the middle of the MIMO antenna. The simulated results show that the mutual coupling is reduced to be −44 dB, which achieves a mutual coupling reduction of 29dB isolation in comparison with the MIMO antenna without the 3-D electromagnetic isolation wall structure. Moreover, the proposed isolation structure does not give any effects on the radiation patterns of the MIMO antenna.

A ten-elements MIMO antenna with improved isolation and reduction of X-polar radiation (XPR) in millimeter (mm) wave region of n258 (24.25-27.5 GHz) is presented. The individual antenna element consists of stub loaded coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure with elliptical shaped radiator. Elliptical shaped Defected ground structure (DGS) has been incorporated at ground to reduce the mutual coupling effect between the adjacent antenna pairs and the minimum isolation obtained 35 dB. The backside of the substrate has a metallic plane with defects which is not connected to the coplanar ground of the antenna and it acts as a reflector to improve the radiation characteristics by lowering of XPR as well as improving the co-pol to X-pol isolation up to 20 dB and 28 dB in the boresight direction in both the XZ and YZ planes respectively. The diversity performances in terms of Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG) and Channel Capacity Loss (CCL) are obtained as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.1\times 10^{-6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, 10 dB and 0.005 bps/Hz respectively which are within the acceptable limits. Mean effective gain (MEG) values with respect to the excited port 2 and port 3 is identical and approximately &#x2212;3 dB and the multiplexing efficiency of the proposed MIMO antenna is satisfactory over the bandwidth. The group delay is investigated and found to be almost constant with a variation of 1.2 ns thus indicating linear phase characteristic of the antenna. The proposed structure is compared with other mm-wave MIMO antennas and found to be advantageous. A prototype of the proposed 10-elements MIMO is fabricated, and the measured results resemble with the simulated results.

This paper describes a four-port MIMO antenna array design featuring bow-tie-shaped slot-loaded patches with wideband capabilities that cover the frequency range from 24.2[Formula: see text]GHz to 30.8[Formula: see text]GHz. The proposed antenna design is printed on an FR4 substrate and occupies an area of 25[Formula: see text]×[Formula: see text]24[Formula: see text]mm2. The MIMO antenna consists of four antenna arrays that are symmetrically placed in an upper-lower configuration. The bow-tie-shaped slots loaded radiators are separated horizontally by 3.48[Formula: see text]mm and vertically by 5.94[Formula: see text]mm. Each antenna array contains two elements that are separated by a distance of wavelength/4. The suggested MIMO antenna array delivers a high gain of 19.09[Formula: see text]dB at 27.8[Formula: see text]GHz and has a bandwidth of 6.6[Formula: see text]GHz that covers the frequency band of 24.2–30.8[Formula: see text]GHz. The research demonstrates the quality of the proposed MIMO antenna through various diversity parameters such as mutual coupling, port correlation, diversity gain, and data rate that can be transmitted over a communication medium. The simulation results are validated and found to be consistent with the experimental results. The presented antenna covers the entire bandwidth allocated to different regions, including Europe (24.25–27.5[Formula: see text]GHz), Sweden (26.5–27.5[Formula: see text]GHz), USA (27.5–28.35[Formula: see text]GHz), China (24.25–27.5[Formula: see text]GHz), Japan (27.5–28.28[Formula: see text]GHz), and Korea (26.5–29.5[Formula: see text]GHz). The proposed MIMO antenna design could be an excellent option for 26/28[Formula: see text]GHz 5G NR n257, n258, and n260 bands under mm-wave wireless communication systems.

This research presented a perpendicular high isolation MIMO antenna for LTE advance application. A high gain perpendicular MIMO antenna is concentrated on designing used in LTE advance application. The issues of low isolation of conventional antenna can be solved by structuring a MIMO antenna in order to increase the isolation in LTE advance application. Generally, the array antenna design causes a bigger antenna size and has a mutual coupling which lead to spectral efficiency damage and reduce the MIMO antenna framework performance. The substrate material like FR-4 is choosing as a dielectric substrate due to its good performances for many applications beside it has a low cost and more usable. The advantage of copper such as has a great relative material, cheaper and easy to construct is choose in this project as a conductive material. ADS software has been utilized for the structure stage to design the antenna. Then, the results are evaluated in terms of return loss (S11 and S22), mutual coupling (S12 and S21), match impedance, directivity, radiation pattern, gain and radiated power. Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) is used to measure the fabricated antenna. The factor of cable loses and the soldering technique will make the measurement result was slightly change from the simulating result. However, the antenna design satisfied the proficiency necessity of the antenna which the frequency is drop at 2.5 GHz with the return loss is below than −10 dB.KeywordsHigh isolationMIMOAntenna

A hybrid topology optimization (HTO) method is adopted to reduce the mutual coupling of a ±45° dual-polarized closely spaced MIMO antenna. In order to shorten the optimization time, only the isolation structure region of the two-element MIMO antenna is selected for optimization. More importantly, by exploiting the symmetry of both the MIMO antenna and the isolation structure, only a quarter of the isolation structure needs to be optimized to achieve good antenna performance. In this way, not only the optimization variables, but also the optimization sub-objectives are greatly reduced, and the optimization time is further diminished. The performance of the dual-polarized MIMO antenna with the optimized isolation structure (OIS) is validated by both simulation and measurement. The OIS resonates in both polarizations, thus lowering the mutual coupling between co-polarization ports ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert S_{31}\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert S_{42}\vert$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) and between cross-polarization ports ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert S_{41}\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert S_{32}\vert$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) simultaneously. With the center distance of only <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.35\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , the measured mutual coupling between different ports are reduced by 6~11 dB within the 10-dB impedance bandwidth (Reflection coefficients < −10 dB) by adding the OIS, and the highest mutual coupling between different ports is reduced from −15 to −21 dB. Besides, the antenna maintains a low profile ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.026\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), low cross-polarization and excellent radiation pattern performance.