Abstract
Decapeptide KSL-W shows antibacterial activities and can be used in the oral cavity, however, it is easily degraded in aqueous solution and eliminated. Therefore, we aimed to develop liquid crystalline systems (F1 and F2) for KSL-W buccal administration to treat multispecies oral biofilms. The systems were prepared with oleic acid, polyoxypropylene (5) polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl alcohol (PPG-5-CETETH-20), and a 1% poloxamer 407 dispersion as the oil phase (OP), surfactant (S), and aqueous phase (AP), respectively. We characterized them using polarized light microscopy (PLM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), rheology, and in vitro bioadhesion, and performed in vitro biological analysis. PLM showed isotropy (F1) or anisotropy with lamellar mesophases (F2), confirmed by peak ratio quantification using SAXS. Rheological tests demonstrated that F1 exhibited Newtonian behavior but not F2, which showed a structured AP concentration-dependent system. Bioadhesion studies revealed an AP concentration-dependent increase in the system’s bioadhesiveness (F2 = 15.50 ± 1.00 mN·s) to bovine teeth blocks. Antimicrobial testing revealed 100% inhibition of multispecies oral biofilm growth after KSL-W administration, which was incorporated in the F2 aqueous phase at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Our results suggest that this system could serve as a potential vehicle for buccal administration of antibiofilm peptides.
Highlights
The oral cavity is one of the most complex ecosystems in the human body and houses hundreds of species of microorganisms including yeasts, bacteria, protozoa, and virus [1]
The bacteria that are fixed on the surface behave differently than planktonic bacteria owing to differential gene expression, which can result in a 1000-fold increase in the antimicrobial resistance of biofilms [4,5]
The chromatographic profile of purified peptide showed a single peak with a retention time of
Summary
The oral cavity is one of the most complex ecosystems in the human body and houses hundreds of species of microorganisms including yeasts, bacteria, protozoa, and virus [1]. It has the perfect combination of factors for the development of biofilms, which can accumulate and result in diseases such as caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Biofilms grow on dental surfaces by sequential and orderly settlement of several oral bacteria, which are organized functionally within an extracellular matrix of polysaccharides. This forms a complex structure with complex dynamics [2,3]. The bacteria that are fixed on the surface behave differently than planktonic bacteria owing to differential gene expression, which can result in a 1000-fold increase in the antimicrobial resistance of biofilms [4,5].
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