Pentosidine and Its Deposition in Renal Tissue in Renal Transplantation

Abstract

Background Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in lesions of arteriosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy. Among AGEs, chemical quantification and immunohistologic methods for pentosidine have been established. Free pentosidine—eliminated by renal excretion— is mainly affected by renal function. In this study, we measured concentrations of plasma free and total pentosidine and immunohistologically investigated kidney graft biopsy specimens in patients after renal transplantation to investigate the renal function, plasma free and total pentosidine, and its relationship with deposition in the renal tissue. Patients and methods In 28 patients who underwent renal transplantation from 1996 to 2003, we measured the time course of plasma concentrations of free pentosidine, total pentosidine, and serum creatinine starting right after renal transplantation. Thirty-four graft biopsy specimens were immunohistologically investigated using anti-pentosidine antibody. Plasma free and total pentosidine, and serum creatinine were measured at the same time. Results Plasma free and total pentosidine were positively correlated with serum creatinine. Plasma free pentosidine and serum creatinine reached nadir values on day 34.2 ± 14.2, when the blood concentrations were 5.1 ± 1.6 pmol/mL and 1.7 ± 0.7 mg/dL, respectively. Plasma total pentosidine reached a nadir on day 116.5 ± 39.7 when the plasma concentration was 4.0 ± 1.5 pmol/mg. We correlated the time required to reach the nadir of plasma free and total pentosidine concentrations. However, neither the concentration of plasma free nor plasma total pentosidine at nadir correlated with serum creatinine. The intensity of immunostaining with anti-pentosidine antibody in proximal tubular cells was graded as weakly positive, positive, or strongly positive. Significant differences were obtained among plasma free pentosidine values between the weakly positive and strongly positive groups. Conclusions Renal transplantation improves renal function and decreases renal excretion of free pentosidine. Accordingly, total pentosidine also decreases. However, the concentrations of plasma free and total pentosidine at nadir varied among individuals; the blood concentrations were not determined by renal function alone. It was suggested that deposition of pentosidine in proximal tubular cells was more severe among patients with higher plasma free pentosidine and serum creatinine values.