Abstract

Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) maculopathy is a recently described condition of macular toxicity. We report the prevalence (15%), the clinical characteristics, and the multimodal imaging (MMI) features of PPS maculopathy based on a final prospective analysis of a cohort of 154 subjects and highlight the association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition, we summarize the most recent and relevant literature on PPS maculopathy. This study and other recent analyses provide solid evidence of the toxic effects of PPS on the retina and choroid and refute the concept that the maculopathy is an association of the underlying disease, interstitial cystitis. Moreover, this study and others raise a major concern that PPS may also be toxic to the bowel. Vigilant surveillance of patients receiving this potentially harmful drug is critical. We review the recommended screening guidelines, the pathophysiology and MMI spectrum of disease, the differential diagnosis including MMI clues to an accurate diagnosis, and the progression of retinopathy that can take place despite discontinuation of the drug, emphasizing the critical importance of early detection of toxicity.

Full Text

Published Version

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call

Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.