Abstract
Gastric ulcers are a common health disorder that affect up to 10% of the world’s population. The gastroprotective potential of pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) against indomethacin-induced ulcer in rats and the possible underlying mechanisms were investigated. Gastric ulceration was induced by indomethacin (single dose, 60 mg/kg). Pretreatment with PGG (100 or 200 mg/kg, orally) for 8 days prior to the administration of indomethacin furnished significant reductions in gastric mucosal lesions as well as a significant increase in mucus concentration. Also, PGG significantly declined the elevations in gastric mucosal MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, PECAM-1, VEGF, and iNOS expression. It also mitigated the decrease in GSH and GPx and eNOS expression observed with indomethacin. The protective effects furnished by PGG were comparable to that of famotidine. The obtained results suggested that the anti-ulcer effects of PGG are mediated by increasing mucus production, scavenging free radicals, decreasing inflammation, and attenuating the NO/NOS signaling in favor of eNOS. To sum up, PGG could provide a potential therapy for gastric ulcer after evaluating its efficacy and effectiveness.
Highlights
Gastric ulcers, known as peptic ulcers, are painful sores that develop in the stomach lining when the mucus layer is reduced or damaged
When compared to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), indomethacin is a potent NSAID widely used in clinical practice
Because it has a higher ulcerogenic potency than other NSAIDs, it is commonly utilized for the induction of gastric ulcer in experimental animals (Suleyman et al, 2010)
Summary
Known as peptic ulcers, are painful sores that develop in the stomach lining when the mucus layer is reduced or damaged. The treatment of ulcer could be complicated because the pathology is multifactorial and includes antioxidant activity, inflammation, and angiogenesis, among others. Medications such as histamine H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors are effectively used to treat gastric ulcers; they are associated with severe side effects. Medicinal plants that shape a major segment of flora have been used over centuries by mankind owing to their beneficial curing properties against diverse diseases and pathological conditions. The polyphenolic compound pentagalloyl glucose (PGG), found in numerous herbs, fruits, and by-products, among them mango seed kernel, is a potent antioxidant belongs to tannins. We researched the interactions of PGG, through molecular docking, with two prostaglandin receptors, namely, EP3 and EP4 that are crucially involved in PGE2 gastroprotective action
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